vânos

Forms

vânos m or n (feminine singular vânoasă, masculine plural vânoși, feminine/neuter plural vânoase)^[1]

Etymology

MDA2, the DLR and Tiktin take it as formed from Romanian vână + -os, and Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the noun.^[2][3][4][5] DEX, Cihac and the REW derive it instead from Latin vēnōsus (“full of veins, veiny”), and Wiktionary gives both explanations.^[6][7][8][1] The Latin adjective is formed on vēna (“blood vessel, vein”), which is also the source of the Romanian noun.^[9][1]

Romanian has the same word south of the Danube: Aromanian vinos, which Papahagi derives from the Latin adjective.^[10] Its Romance cognates include Italian venoso, French veineux and Spanish venoso.^[8] Romanian later borrowed the Latin word again as venos “venous”.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is vînos in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of about 1660–1670, as the equivalent of Slavonic жилищный, an adjective of the word for “vein, sinew”.^[11] Tiktin's earliest record is from 1703;^[4][2][3] MDA2 and the DLR start with a translation of 1783: „Mâinile lui era vânoase, palmele late” “his hands were sinewy, the palms broad”.^[4][2][3]

Semantic evolution

The adjective first describes hands and arms with prominent veins and hard muscles, and by extension a sturdy, vigorous and energetic person.^[3][2] Tiktin quotes it of a stud horse, and Vlahuță used it of a strong, full style of writing.^[4] Said of meat, it means sinewy, full of gristle; of stone or wood, full of veins.^[2]

In the 19th century medical writers used vânos for “venous”, the blood of the veins as opposed to the arteries, a sense that MDA2 marks as rare;^[3][2][12] Scriban gave it under a separate headword taken from the Latin.^[3][2][12] In some regions strugure vânos or poamă vânoasă is a grape variety with large, firm black berries.^[2]

Timeline

• c. 1660-1670 – vînos in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[11]
• 1703 – the earliest record Tiktin gives.^[4]
• 1783 – vânoase “sinewy” of hands, in a translation that MDA2 and the DLR quote.^[2][3]
• 1801 – listed in Klein's dictionary.^[3]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Having prominent veins; sinewy, with hard muscles.^[6][2][1]
2. By extension, strong, vigorous, energetic.^[6][2]
3. Of meat: stringy, full of gristle.^[2]
4. (rare) Of stone or wood: having many veins.^[2]
5. (rare) venous.^[2][3]

Related words

• vână
• venos
• Aromanian vinos

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1434
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. vînos
4. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vânos
5. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. vînă
6. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1188
7. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 314
8. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9203
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
10. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1111
11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. vînos
12. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1414