urină

Forms

urină f (uncountable)^[1] An older masculine or neuter form urin was used in the 19th century: „Se amestecă ogrinjul... cu urinul (udul) vitelor” “the fodder leftovers are mixed with the urine of the cattle”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French urine, also borrowed from Latin urina, a medical neologism.^{[4][3][5][2][1]} Scriban gives the Latin word alone, CADE the French.^[6][7] DLR derives the older masculine form ⟨urin⟩ from German Urin.^[2]

The French noun is the 14th-century remaking, after the Latin, of Old French orine, which came from Vulgar Latin *aurina, a popular form shaped by aurum (“gold”).^[8][1] The Latin noun goes back to a Proto-Italic adjective meaning “watery” and to Proto-Indo-European *woh₁r̥ (“water”), with Sanskrit वार् (vā́r, “water”) as a cognate.^[9][1] The verb ūrīnor (“to dive”) keeps the older sense “water”.^[9][8] The REW lists its Romance descendants, such as Italian orina and Spanish orina.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

DLR's earliest quotation is from Amfilohie Hotiniul's Gramatica fizicii, a late 18th-century manuscript translated from Italian: „Silitra... câteodată din urină să face” “saltpetre is sometimes made from urine”.^[2][3] A text of the same period explains it with the popular word: „Urina adecă udul” “urine, that is, ud”.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept its medical sense.^[2][4] The Lexicon de la Buda (1825) gives it with the popular synonyms pișat and ud.^[11] In the 19th century the masculine urin competed with it in medical and farming books.^[2] Costinescu (1870) calls urină a more delicate term than pișat.^[12]

Timeline

• late 18th century – the first record, in Amfilohie Hotiniul's Gramatica fizicii.^[2][3]
• 1825 – the Lexicon de la Buda glosses it pișatu, udu.^[11]
• 1829 – the masculine form urin in a text quoted by DLR.^[2]
• 1862 – Pontbriant gives it with its Latin source.^[13]
• 1870 – Costinescu describes it as more refined than pișat.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. urine: the liquid secreted by the kidneys, held in the bladder and passed out of the body through the urethra: Medicul a cerut o analiză de urină.^[4][3][1]

Related words

• urina

Usage notes

The plural is urine;^[4][3][7] MDA2 and CADE also record a rare plural urini.^[4][3][7] The same spelling is a form of the verb urina “to urinate”.^[1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. urină
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1390
4. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1176
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. urină
6. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1383
7. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească
8. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
11. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.)
12. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 665
13. ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 764