tribal

Forms

tribal m or n (feminine singular tribală, masculine plural tribali, feminine/neuter plural tribale)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French tribal.^{[2][3][4][1][5]} Scriban also connects it with trib “tribe”, which it matches as a Romanian formation with -al.^[6][1] The French word is formed on tribu (“tribe”) with -al, possibly influenced by English tribal.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is Scriban's dictionary of 1939, which illustrates it with lupte tribale “tribal fights”.^[3][6]

Semantic evolution

The DLR quotes it from historians, for the tribal origin of the free villages and for tribal names.^[4] DEX also has it as a plural noun, tribalii, the Thracian Triballi south of the middle Danube, who settled between the Balkan Mountains and the Danube in the early 4th century BC.^[2]

Timeline

• 1939 – in Scriban's dictionary, the first record.^[3][6]
• 1955–1957 – the DLRLC has orânduirea tribală “tribal order”.^[7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Of a trib, tribal: obiceiuri tribale “tribal customs”.^[2][8][1]
2. Of a population: living in tribes.^[2][5]

Noun

1. (in the plural) The Triballi, Thracian tribes south of the middle Danube;^[2][9] (singular) one of them.^[2][9]

Related words

• trib
• French tribu

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 1145
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1276
4. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. tribál
5. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. tribal
6. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1345
7. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 496
8. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. tribal
9. ^ a b Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. tribal