traumă

Forms

traumă f (plural traume)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French trauma, also through German Trauma, as DEX and Marcu give it;^{[2][3][4][5][1][6]} MDA2, the DLR and Wiktionary name French alone, and Marcu and Maneca add Italian trauma.^{[2][3][4][5][1][6]} The word goes back to Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound”).^[1][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The DLR's first quotation, from January 1960, speaks of an asthenic neurosis caused by psychic and physical traumas.^[5] MDA2 dates the word to the second edition of Marcu and Maneca's dictionary of neologisms (1968).^[4]

Semantic evolution

Both senses, the bodily injury caused by an outside agent and the psychic shock, are in the dictionaries from the start.^[5][6] The DLR's quotations of the 1960s and 1970s are mostly of the psychic sense: traume psihice “psychic traumas”.^[5]

Timeline

• 1960 – traume psihice și fizice, the first record.^[5]
• 1968 – in Marcu and Maneca's dictionary of neologisms.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. An injury caused by an external agent; traumatism.^[2][4]
2. A violent emotion that changes a person's personality, making them sensitive to similar emotions so that they no longer react normally; a psychic trauma.^[2][4]

Related words

• traumatism
• traumatiza

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1141
3. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1261
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. traumă
6. ^ a b c d Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România