teritoriu

Forms

teritoriu n (plural teritorii)^[1] MDA2 records a popular form teritor.^[2] Negulici (1848) and Costinescu (1870) spell it territoriu, with double r as in Latin.^[3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin territōrium, and DEX, MDA2, the DLR, NODEX, DN and Wiktionary name borrowed from French territoire beside it.^{[5][2][6][7][8][1]} Tiktin takes it from Latin alone.^[9]

The Latin word is formed on terra (“land”) with the ending -tōrium, probably on the model of dēversōrium.^[10][1] The French word was borrowed from Latin in 1278, first as terretoire.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1816, in Maior's Învățătură;^[9][2][6] MDA2 and the DLR cite the same page.^[9][2][6] The sense was the land under a jurisdiction or a government, as Negulici defines it in 1848.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Through the 19th century the word named the land of a state, a province or a town: Negruzzi writes of Turkey ceding half the territory of Moldavia.^[6][12] In law it was defined more closely as land, inland waters, territorial sea and airspace within a state's borders.^[5][2] Later senses are the area an animal defends, a figurative “field of activity” and, in recent administrative use, în teritoriu “outside the capital, in the regions”.^[5][2][13]

Timeline

• 1816 – first record, in Maior's Învățătură.^[9]
• 1848 – territoriu in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[3]
• 1862 – Pontbriant glosses it with French territoire.^[14]
• 1869 – Barițiu gives it as the Romanian for Hungarian terület.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. A territory: a tract of land, with set limits, over which an authority is exercised.^[5][2][1]
2. (law) The part of the earth's surface within a state's borders and under its sovereignty: land, inland waters, territorial sea and airspace.^[5][2]
3. The area an animal or group of animals defends against intruders of its species, which provides its food and shelter.^[5][16]
4. (figurative) A field of activity, a domeniu.^[2]
5. (anatomy) The organs and tissues supplied by a given vessel or nerve.^[16]

Related words

• țară
• teren
• terestru

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1204
3. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. teritoriu
4. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 611
5. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1119
6. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. teritoriu
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. teritoriu
8. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. teritoriu
9. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. teritoriu
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. territorium
11. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. territoire
12. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 649
13. ^ Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. teritoriu
14. ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 733
15. ^ Barițiu, George (1869), Dictionariu unguresc-romanescu, Brașov, p. 565
16. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. teritoriu