suplimentar

Forms

suplimentar m or n (feminine singular suplimentară, masculine plural suplimentari, feminine/neuter plural suplimentare)^[1] Older texts have the variants suplimentariu, suplementar and suplementariu.^[2] A 19th-century treatise on horses quoted by the DLR has the plural suplimentarii: „Calul are patruzeci de dinți, fără a pune pe cele patru măsele suplimentarii ce nu se află totdeauna” “the horse has forty teeth, without counting the four extra molars, which are not always present”.^[3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French supplémentaire (“additional, supplementary”), a 19th-century neologism.^{[2][4][3][5][1]} The “Dicționar de neologisme” compares the French word without naming it as the only source.^[6] Within Romanian it lines up with the noun supliment and the suffix -ar, which Wiktionary gives as a surface analysis.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 dates the first record to Iordache Golescu's manuscript dictionary, the Condica limbii rumânești, of about 1832.^[2] The DLR quotes Golescu too, and its earliest dated use in running text is a journal notice of 1850 promising subscribers a supplementary literary sheet, o foaie suplimentară.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The DLR and MDA2 put first the sense used of printed matter: pages or sheets added to the usual number of a periodical or book, or issued as a separate fascicle.^[3][2] The general sense “added on top, extra” covers quantities, products, duties and activities, as in the credite suplimentare “supplementary credits” of a 19th-century economic text quoted by the DLR.^[3] Two set phrases are technical: unghiuri suplimentare, angles whose sum is two right angles, in geometry, and ore suplimentare, hours worked beyond the fixed schedule.^[4][5][2]

Timeline

• c. 1832 – first record, in Iordache Golescu's Condica limbii rumânești.^[2]
• 1850 – o foaie suplimentară “a supplementary sheet” in a journal notice.^[3]
• 1955–1957 – the DLRLC records the phrases ore suplimentare “overtime” and unghiuri suplimentare “supplementary angles”.^[7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. additional, extra: added on top of something to complete it or beyond what is normal; serving as a supplement.^[4][8]
2. Of pages, sheets or texts: added to the usual contents of a publication, or issued as a separate supplement.^[2][3]
3. Ore suplimentare: overtime, hours of work beyond the fixed schedule.^[5][2]
4. Unghiuri (or arce) suplimentare: (geometry) supplementary angles or arcs, whose sum is two right angles, 180°.^[4][6]

Related words

• supliment
• French supplémentaire

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1062
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. suplimentar
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1075
5. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. suplimentar
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. suplimentar
7. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 311
8. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. suplimentar