supraveghere

Forms

supraveghere f (plural supravegheri)^[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of supraveghea, formed from Romanian supraveghea + -re.^[2][3][4][1] The verb is formed from Romanian supra- + veghea on the model of French surveiller, a calque of the French word.^[5][3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is Damé's dictionary of 1893–1895.^[2] The verb supraveghea is quoted from Ion Ghica's Convorbiri economice, which MDA2 cites in the edition of 1887.^[2][5]

Semantic evolution

The noun means close watching and control of an activity or a person, usually in the phrase sub supraveghere “under supervision”, and by extension guarding.^[4][3] DLR's quotations from Iorga, Agârbiceanu, Camil Petrescu and Stancu show it used of a father's watch over a child, of work done under an officer and of a suspect kept under watch.^[4] Later uses include medical surveillance and supraveghere generală, the prosecutors' duty of seeing that the law is kept.^[4] A avea în supraveghere means to have something in one's care.^[6][7]

Timeline

• 1887 – the verb supraveghea in Ion Ghica.^[2]
• 1893–1895 – supraveghere in Damé's dictionary.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. supervision, surveillance: watching closely how an activity is carried out or how someone behaves; control.^[3][2][1]
2. (by extension) guard, keeping watch over something.^[3][2]

Related words

• supraveghea
• veghea
• supraveghetor

Usage notes

MDA2 records an old variant supravegheare.^[2] A avea în supraveghere “to have in one's care” is a set phrase.^[8]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1068
3. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1078
4. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. supraveghere
5. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. supravegheá
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. supraveghere
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. supraveghere
8. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 314