Etymology and origin of the Romanian word scăpare
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- c. 1551–1558 Psaltirea Voronețeană More words from the 16th century
- Ultimate origin
- Vulgar Latin *excappō
Forms
scăpare f (plural scăpări)[1]
Etymology
It is the long infinitive of scăpa (“to escape”), formed from Romanian scăpa + -re, used as a noun.[2][3][4][1] The verb goes back to *excappō, based on cappa (“cloak”), and has the Romance cognates Italian scappare and French échapper.[1][5]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first records are in the 16th-century psalters, from the Psaltirea Voronețeană (c. 1551–1558, Psalm 143:2) on, in the sense “refuge, deliverance”.[6][7] Tiktin cites the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 17:3), and Candrea's glossary of that psalter lists over a dozen occurrences.[4][8] MDA2's first record is Coresi's Carte de învățătură of 1581.[2]
Semantic evolution
In the old texts the noun is a place or means of safety as well as the act of escaping: the Bible of 1688 has cetăți de scăpări “cities of refuge” in Numbers.[9] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons render Slavonic words such as Old Church Slavonic избытие (izbytie) with it.[10] The Lexicon of Buda (1825) gives three senses: deliverance, an escape from someone's hands, and refuge, with loc de scăpare “place of refuge, asylum”.[11]
From the 19th century the political sense “liberation” is common: scăparea de sub jugul tiraniei (1821), the deliverance of the country from the Phanariotes in Ghica.[12] Set phrases are scăpare din vedere “oversight”, portiță de scăpare “a way out” and a-i fi de-a scăpare “to be eager to get away”, which Creangă used.[3][13][4] Technical senses are recent: the slipping of an anchor, the blowout of an oil well, and a runaway vehicle on a slope.[2]
Timeline
- c. 1551–1558 – in the Psaltirea Voronețeană (Psalm 143:2).[6]
- 1570 – in Coresi's psalter (Psalms 17:1, 30:3).[14]
- 1581 – Coresi's Carte de învățătură, MDA2's first record.[2]
- 1649 – in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[10]
- 1688 – cetăți de scăpări “cities of refuge” in the Bucharest Bible.[9]
- 1825 – loc de scăpare “asylum” in the Lexicon of Buda.[11]
Meanings
Noun
- escape, rescue: getting out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation; deliverance.[3][2][1]
- A means or chance of escape: nu mai avea nicio scăpare “he had no way out”.[3][15]
- (technology) The blowout of an oil well, or a vehicle running away down a slope.[2]
Related words
- scăpa
- scăpat
Usage notes
Scăpare din vedere means an unintended omission;[3] a avea o portiță de scăpare “to have a little door of escape” is to keep an honourable way out of a difficulty.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 795
- ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 986
- ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. scăpare
- ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. scăpa
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 143:2
- ^ Gaster, M. (1891), Chrestomatie română: texte tipărite și manuscrise (sec. XVI–XIX), dialectale și populare, cu o introducere, gramatică și un glosar româno-francez, vol. II, Leipzig: Brockhaus / București: Socec
- ^ Candrea, I.-A. (1916), Psaltirea Scheiană comparată cu celelalte psaltiri din sec. XVI și XVII traduse din slavonește, vol. II: Glosarele, București: Socec, p. 375
- ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Numbers 35:11
- ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. scăpare
- ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 615
- ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. scăpare
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 41
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 17:1
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1167
Cite this entry
“Scăpare.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/sc%C4%83pare. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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