radiație

Forms

radiație f (plural radiații)^[1] An older variant radiațiune is recorded by the CADE, Scriban and the press of 1949.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French radiation, one of the scientific terms Romanian took from French in the 19th century.^[4][2][5][1] The neologism dictionaries name Latin radiatio beside the French word.^[3][6][1] Wiktionary notes that the Romanian word also matches radia with the suffix -ție.^[1]

French borrowed the word in 1448 from the Latin noun, which meant “gleam, brilliance”.^[7] The Latin noun is formed on radiō (“to gleam, shine, beam”) with the suffix -tiō;^[8][9][1] Pliny uses it of the dazzle of marble.^[8][9][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in 1852, in Alexie Marin's Romanian translation of Pelouze and Fremy's handbook of chemistry, which speaks of the influence of solar radiation and of heat.^[5][2]

Semantic evolution

From the physics of heat and light the word spread to every kind of emission: sound waves, electromagnetic waves and streams of particles.^[2][4] In the 20th century the dictionaries record it for the radiation balance of climate studies, for ultraviolet rays and for the zone of a bomb's radiation.^[2]

Writers also used it figuratively for an influence that spreads outward, as Ibrăileanu and Sadoveanu did.^[2][10] A second sense, “striking off a list”, is the same as radiere and follows the other French noun radiation, the one formed on rayer.^[4][3][7]

Timeline

• 1448 – French radiation “radiance” is borrowed from Latin.^[7]
• 1852 – radiație in Marin's translation of a chemistry handbook, the first Romanian record.^[5][2]
• 1931 – the CADE records the variant radiațiune.^[2]
• 1962 – the press writes of the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. radiation: the emission of sound or electromagnetic waves, or of particles, which spread as rays in every direction.^[4][5]
2. The whole of the particles or waves a body gives off; a ray or wave.^[4][6]
3. (figurative) An influence that spreads outward from someone or something.^[2][10]
4. Striking out, deletion from a list or register; radiere.^[4][5]

Related words

• radia
• rază
• radiere
• French radiation

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. radiație
3. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. radiație
4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 906
5. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 616
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. radiație
7. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
10. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 647