râde

Forms

râde (first-person singular present râd, past participle râs), 3rd conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin rīdeō (“to laugh”).^[2][3][1][4] Romanian, like the other Romance languages, continues the spoken form *rīdere of the third conjugation instead of the classical second-conjugation verb.^[5][6][1] It survives in all four branches: Aromanian arîd, Megleno-Romanian rǫd and Istro-Romanian ấrde.^[2][7][8] Its Romance cognates include Italian ridere, French rire, Occitan rire, Spanish reír and Portuguese rir.^[2] The further origin of the Latin verb is unknown.^[5][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is râzi “thou shalt laugh” in Coresi's Psalter of 1570 (Psalm 58:9).^[9] MDA2 dates the word to the Psaltirea Scheiană (c. 1573–1578).^[3]

Semantic evolution

From “to laugh” the verb came to mean “to have fun”, “to be glad” and, of fate or luck, “to smile on someone”; with de it means “to mock”.^[10][2] DER also records a-și râde de in the sense “to seduce, violate a woman”.^[2]

Several words of the family were formed after French: râzător after riant, surâde “to smile” after sourire.^[2]

Timeline

• 1570 – râzi in Coresi's Psalter (Psalm 58:9), the first record.^[9]
• c. 1573–1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To laugh: a râde în barbă “to laugh up one's sleeve”, a râde cuiva în nas “to laugh in someone's face”.^[10]
2. To have fun; to be cheerful or happy; to smile at someone; of luck: to favour.^[10]
3. To mock, make fun of (de); to disregard.^[10][2]

Word family

• râs
• râzător
• surâde

Related words

• deriziune
• derizoriu
• Latin rīdeō

Usage notes

Râd și câinii de el “even the dogs laugh at him” is said of someone who has disgraced himself.^[10]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. rîde
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 655
4. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7302
5. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
6. ^ a b Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 143
8. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
9. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 58:9
10. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 922