izolare

Forms

izolare f (plural izolări)^[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of izola (“to isolate”), formed from Romanian izola + -re, and names the action and its result.^[1][2][3][4]

The verb is from French isoler, with Italian isolare as a second model in Tiktin and the DN.^[2][5][6] The French verb is a back-formation from French isolé (“isolated”), borrowed in 1575 from Italian isolato, the past participle of the same Italian verb, which is formed on isola (“island”), from Latin īnsula.^[7][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the noun to 1848, to Negulici's dictionary of neologisms, which has the verb under its long-infinitive head isolare “to make alone, to set bodies apart”.^[8][9] MDA2 cites it only from the newspaper Scînteia of 1950.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The general sense of separating one thing from those around it was soon joined by technical ones: in medicine, keeping a contagious patient away from healthy people; in physics and building, stopping heat, cold, damp or noise from passing from one body or medium to another; in electricity, separating a conductor from other conducting bodies.^[2][3] Biology uses izolare geografică for a population cut off by natural barriers, in which new species form.^[10] Of people it means isolation from social life, the state of being alone or cut off, also between states: izolare internațională.^[11][12]

Timeline

• 1848 – the verb under the head isolare in Negulici's dictionary.^[8][9]
• 1929 – Șăineanu's dictionary defines the action of isolating and the state of being isolated.^[12]
• 1950 – the first record MDA2 gives, in Scînteia.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. The action of isolating and its result; separation, isolation: Satul a trăit în izolare toată iarna.^[3][2]
2. (medicine) The keeping of a contagious patient apart from healthy people, to stop the disease spreading; quarantine.^[3][10]
3. insulation: preventing heat, cold, damp or noise from passing from one medium or body into another: izolare termică.^[2]
4. (electricity) The separation of a body carrying current from other good conductors.^[2]
5. (biology) izolare geografică: the separation of a population by natural barriers.^[10]

Related words

• izola
• izolat
• izolație

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1176
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 528
4. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. izolare
5. ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. izola
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. izola
7. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. izolare
9. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. izola
10. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. izolare
11. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 560
12. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 346