instala

Forms

instala (first-person singular present instalez, third-person singular present instalează, past participle instalat) 1st conjugation^[1][2] An older form instălui, inștălălui occurs in Șincai's chronicle: „În vlădicie să se instăluiască de Tesaurariatul nostru” “that he be installed in the bishopric by our Treasury”.^[3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French installer.^{[5][4][6][7][1]} MDA2 and the DN also name Italian installare, and NODEX the Latin verb.^[8][9][10] The French verb was borrowed in 1349 from Medieval Latin installāre (“to establish in a church office”), a 13th-century formation on in- and stallum (“stall, seat”).^[11] The DA explains it the same way.^[3]

The older form instălui comes from German installieren instead.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is Micu's history, 1801, and he glosses the verb “to fit in, set up” and reflexive “to settle in”.^[4] The DA's early quotations, from Șincai and Iorga, are about putting a bishop or another official into office.^[3] MDA2's date of 1688 is the year in the title of the Iorga book it quotes, not the date of the record.^[8]

Semantic evolution

In Medieval Latin and in French the verb first meant to put a churchman in possession of his office;^[11] French added “to put a thing in its place” in 1596 and “to settle (oneself)” in the 17th century.^[11] In Romanian the 19th-century dictionaries give the office sense and settling in a place.^[12][13] The DA has the reflexive for sitting down comfortably and settling into a house, and the special sense of fitting an installation.^[3] In DEX 2009 the technical sense, fitting a machine or equipment, comes first.^[5]

Timeline

• 1801 – first record, in Micu's history.^[4]
• 1862 – in Pontbriant's dictionary, “to install, put in possession”.^[12]
• 1875 – installa in Antonescu's dictionary.^[14]
• 1931 – in CADE, with the office sense and settling in a place.^[13]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To install or mount equipment, a machine or a technical system.^[5][10]
2. (transitive and reflexive) To settle (oneself) in a place;^[5][6] (colloquial, reflexive) to sit down comfortably.^[5][6]
3. (transitive) To put someone formally into a post of responsibility.^[5][10]

Related words

• instalație
• instalator
• French installer

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. instala
4. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. instala
5. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 511
6. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
7. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria
8. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1143
9. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
10. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
11. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
12. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich
13. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească
14. ^ Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați)