ied

Forms

ied m (plural iezi, feminine equivalent iadă)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin haedus (“young goat, kid”).^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][1]} The Latin word has no Indo-European root and is probably a loan; its only sure cognate is Proto-Germanic *gaits (“goat”).^[8][1]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian ed, Megleno-Romanian ied and Istro-Romanian ied.^{[2][9][10][11]} Elsewhere in Romance only Sardinian edu and an Old Italian form keep the simple word; other dialects have diminutives.^[2][6] The feminine iadă is a Romanian derivative, though it may also continue Latin haeda.^[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1549.^[5] MDA2's first source is Coresi's Carte de învățătură of 1581.^[4] The Bible of 1688 has „Eu am trimis pre acest ied” “I sent this kid” (Genesis 38:23).^[12][5]

Semantic evolution

The word names the young of the goat, and also of the roe deer and the chamois.^[4][3] In folk astronomy iezii caprei “the goat's kids” are three small stars around the main star of Auriga.^[4] It has given personal names, such as Edescul in a document of 1652.^[13] In thieves' slang an ied is a young, inexperienced thief.^[14]

Timeline

• 1549 – the first record, according to Tiktin.^[5]
• 1581 – ied in Coresi's Carte de învățătură.^[4]
• 1652 – the personal name Edescul.^[13]
• c. 1660–1670 – iedul “the kid” in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[15]
• 1688 – ied and the plural iezi in the Bucharest Bible.^[12][16]

Meanings

Noun

1. A kid: the young, especially male, of a goat, up to a year old.^[3][4][1]
2. The young of the roe deer or of the chamois.^[3][4]
3. (slang) A young, inexperienced thief.^[14]

Word family

• iadă

Related words

• Latin haedus

Usage notes

The plural is iezi; the old form ed appears in early texts.^[4][17] Tiktin lists the diminutives iezișor, ieduleț and ieduț.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ied
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 487
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1105
5. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ied
6. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 66
7. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3974
8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
9. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 431
10. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula, p. s.v. ied
11. ^ Byhan, Arthur (1899), Istrorumänisches Glossar, Sechster Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache zu Leipzig: 174–366, p. 232
12. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gn 38:23
13. ^ a b Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ied
14. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. ied
15. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. iedul
16. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gn 27:9
17. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 616