grum

Forms

grum n (plural grumuri)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin grūmus (“heap of earth, hillock”), according to Ciorănescu, Cihac and Wiktionary.^[2][3][1] Ciorănescu notes that the word occurs only in the old dictionaries and that no modern lexicographer includes it, but that its existence is supported by Aromanian grumur (“heap”) and by the rare Transylvanian verb grumura (“to fill”), which Lacea derived from a Latin diminutive.^[2] Papahagi and Pascu take the Aromanian word from grumulus (“little heap”).^[4][5] Cihac compares Italian grumo, Spanish grumo, Portuguese grumo and Old French grume, and the REW lists the Romance continuations of the Latin noun, mostly meaning “clot, lump”.^[3][6] De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *grōmo- (“heap”) and connects the Latin word with gremium (“lap”) and with Old Church Slavonic грамада (gramada, “heap”).^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Klein's dictionary of 1801, which glosses grum with grumus and the Hungarian for “heaping up”.^[8] The Lexicon de la Buda of 1825 has grumu “heap”, with the phrase a umple ceva cu grum “to fill something heaped up”, and derives it from the Latin word.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The word belongs to the dictionaries of the 19th century: Cihac, Damé and Antonescu all give it as “heap, pile”, and Cihac lists a diminutive grumuleț.^[3][10][11] Ciorănescu found no current use of it.^[2]

Timeline

• 1801 – grum in Klein's dictionary, the first record.^[8]
• 1825 – grumu “heap” in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[9]
• 1870 – Cihac gives it with the diminutive grumuleț.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. (obsolete) A heap, pile or stack.^[2][10][1]

Related words

• Aromanian grumur

Usage notes

MDA2 has a masculine grum only as a variant of grom.^[12]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. grum
3. ^ a b c d Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 113
4. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 503
5. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 96
6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3889
7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. grūmus
8. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 368
9. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 247
10. ^ a b Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. grum
11. ^ Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați), p. 117
12. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1027