friptură

Forms

friptură f (plural fripturi)^[1]

Etymology

Most dictionaries say it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *frīctūra, a noun formed on frīctus, the past participle of frīgō (“to roast, fry”).^{[2][3][4][5][6][1]} Ciorănescu takes it as formed from Romanian fript + -ură within Romanian, from the participle of frige, like băutură, and finds the Latin reconstruction unnecessary.^[7] Wiktionary gives both explanations.^[1]

The word has the same form in Aromanian: Aromanian fripturã.^[8][9] Pușcariu compared Italian frittura, French friture and Spanish fritura.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is Dosoftei's Lives of the Saints of 1683.^[5] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has it in Isaiah 44, where the idol maker roasts meat over half of the wood and is satisfied.^[10] MDA2 gives a later first record, from a list in Iorga's documents that counts 19 dishes of roast meat beside 24 of soup.^[2][4]

Semantic evolution

The sense has stayed close to the participle: meat roasted on the grill, on the spit, in the oven or in the pan, the kind of meat named with de: friptură de porc “roast pork”.^[4][3] In Muntenia it also means a scald or burn on the skin.^[11][12] The diminutive fripturică is affectionate.^[4][5]

Timeline

• 1683 – Dosoftei's Lives of the Saints, the first record.^[5]
• 1688 – friptură in the Bucharest Bible.^[10]
• 1801 – glossed with Latin “assatum” in Klein's dictionary.^[13]
• 1825 – glossed “caro assa”, German “Braten”, in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. roast meat: a dish of meat roasted on the grill, on a spit or in a pan;^[3] friptură de miel “roast lamb”.^[3]
2. (regional) A burn or scald on the skin.^[11][12]

Word family

• fripturist

Related words

• frige
• fript
• Aromanian fripturã

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 945
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 415
4. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. friptură
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. friptură
6. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 56
7. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. frige
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 471
9. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 87
10. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Isaiah 44:16
11. ^ a b Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 156
12. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. friptură
13. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 362
14. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 226