Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ficat
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1581–1582 Palia de la Orăștie More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin ficatum
- Ultimate origin
- Latin fīcus
Pronunciation
- /fiˈkat/[1]
Forms
ficat m (plural ficați)[1] Oltenian speech has the singular ficate, and Moldavian and Aromanian speech hicat.[2][3] A calendar of 1733 has hicat: „Stăpâneaște pieptu<l> și coastele, hicatul, stâlpul trupului” “it rules the chest and the ribs, the liver, the pillar of the body”.[4] In the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet the word was written фикат.[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), short for Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-fed liver”), the liver of a goose fattened on figs, from fīcus (“fig”).[5][3][6][7][8][1] Ciorănescu notes that the Romance forms generally point to a stressed /i/.[7] It survives on both sides of the Danube: Aromanian hicat and Istro-Romanian ficåt.[7][9][10] Its Romance cognates include Sardinian figáu, Venetian figá, Italian fegato, French foie, Spanish hígado and Portuguese fígado.[7][8][11]
The older Latin word for the liver, iecur, continues Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥; its cognates include Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar) and Sanskrit यकृत् (yákṛt).[1][12]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to the Palia de la Orăștie (1581–1582), at Exodus 29:13.[2] MDA2's first record is the Bucharest Bible of 1688: „Ficații lui plini de său” “his innards full of fat”.[3][6]
Semantic evolution
Folk speech uses the plural ficați, like inimă and rărunchi, for the depths of the body and of feeling: something touches one până la ficați “to the liver”, that is, deeply.[6][2] Cantemir already wrote „până la ficați îi atingea” “it touched them to the liver”.[6][4] Many phrases build on this: one is gnawed, burned or frozen at the liver by worry, anger or fear.[5][3]
In Moldavia the usual word is mai, and Ciorănescu notes that ficat is rare in Bessarabia and Bukovina.[2][7] Regional speech in Muntenia distinguishes the “white liver”, the lungs, from the “black liver”, the liver itself, and Aromanian hicate albe also means “lungs”.[13][2] The chemical term ficat de pucioasă “liver of sulphur” translates French foie de soufre.[6] From Romanian comes Serbo-Croatian pikat.[7]
Timeline
- 1581–1582 – the Palia de la Orăștie, the first record.[2]
- 1660 – ficat in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[14]
- 1688 – ficații lui “his innards” in the Bucharest Bible.[3][6]
- 1733 – the regional form hicat in a calendar.[4]
- 1801 – Klein's dictionary glosses ficát with Latin jecur and hepar.[15]
- 1886 – Barcianu records ficăței, fried slices of calf's liver.[16]
Meanings
Noun
- The liver: the large gland of the digestive system on the right side of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.[5][3][1]
- (colloquial, plural) The inmost self, in phrases: a-l roade la ficați “to gnaw at someone's liver”, to torment;[5][3] a-i îngheța ficații “to have one's liver freeze”, to be terrified.[5][3][6]
- Ficat de pucioasă: liver of sulphur, a potassium polysulphide used for artificial sulphur baths.[6]
Word family
- ficățel
Related words
- Aromanian hicat
- Latin fīcātum
Usage notes
The plural is ficați; in phrases the plural often stands for the singular.[5][17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ficat
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 900
- ^ a b c Costinescu, Mariana; Georgescu, Magdalena; Zgraon, Florentina (1987), Dicționarul limbii române literare vechi (1640–1780): termeni regionali, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 1, 130
- ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 391
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ficat
- ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ficat
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 504
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 554
- ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 109
- ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 93
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 146
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. ficat
- ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 360
- ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 228
- ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ficat
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Ficat.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ficat. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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