Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ficat

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1581–1582 Palia de la Orăștie More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin ficatum
Ultimate origin
Latin fīcus

Pronunciation

Forms

ficat m (plural ficați)[1] Oltenian speech has the singular ficate, and Moldavian and Aromanian speech hicat.[2][3] A calendar of 1733 has hicat: „Stăpâneaște pieptu<l> și coastele, hicatul, stâlpul trupului” “it rules the chest and the ribs, the liver, the pillar of the body”.[4] In the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet the word was written фикат.[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), short for Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-fed liver”), the liver of a goose fattened on figs, from fīcus (“fig”).[5][3][6][7][8][1] Ciorănescu notes that the Romance forms generally point to a stressed /i/.[7] It survives on both sides of the Danube: Aromanian hicat and Istro-Romanian ficåt.[7][9][10] Its Romance cognates include Sardinian figáu, Venetian figá, Italian fegato, French foie, Spanish hígado and Portuguese fígado.[7][8][11]

The older Latin word for the liver, iecur, continues Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥; its cognates include Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar) and Sanskrit यकृत् (yákṛt).[1][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to the Palia de la Orăștie (1581–1582), at Exodus 29:13.[2] MDA2's first record is the Bucharest Bible of 1688: „Ficații lui plini de său” “his innards full of fat”.[3][6]

Semantic evolution

Folk speech uses the plural ficați, like inimă and rărunchi, for the depths of the body and of feeling: something touches one până la ficați “to the liver”, that is, deeply.[6][2] Cantemir already wrote „până la ficați îi atingea” “it touched them to the liver”.[6][4] Many phrases build on this: one is gnawed, burned or frozen at the liver by worry, anger or fear.[5][3]

In Moldavia the usual word is mai, and Ciorănescu notes that ficat is rare in Bessarabia and Bukovina.[2][7] Regional speech in Muntenia distinguishes the “white liver”, the lungs, from the “black liver”, the liver itself, and Aromanian hicate albe also means “lungs”.[13][2] The chemical term ficat de pucioasă “liver of sulphur” translates French foie de soufre.[6] From Romanian comes Serbo-Croatian pikat.[7]

Timeline

  • 1581–1582 – the Palia de la Orăștie, the first record.[2]
  • 1660 – ficat in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[14]
  • 1688 – ficații lui “his innards” in the Bucharest Bible.[3][6]
  • 1733 – the regional form hicat in a calendar.[4]
  • 1801 – Klein's dictionary glosses ficát with Latin jecur and hepar.[15]
  • 1886 – Barcianu records ficăței, fried slices of calf's liver.[16]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The liver: the large gland of the digestive system on the right side of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.[5][3][1]
  2. (colloquial, plural) The inmost self, in phrases: a-l roade la ficați “to gnaw at someone's liver”, to torment;[5][3] a-i îngheța ficații “to have one's liver freeze”, to be terrified.[5][3][6]
  3. Ficat de pucioasă: liver of sulphur, a potassium polysulphide used for artificial sulphur baths.[6]

Word family

  • ficățel
  • Aromanian hicat
  • Latin fīcātum

Usage notes

The plural is ficați; in phrases the plural often stands for the singular.[5][17]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ficat
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 900
  4. ^ a b c Costinescu, Mariana; Georgescu, Magdalena; Zgraon, Florentina (1987), Dicționarul limbii române literare vechi (1640–1780): termeni regionali, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 1, 130
  5. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 391
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ficat
  7. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ficat
  8. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 504
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 554
  10. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 109
  11. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 93
  12. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  13. ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 146
  14. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. ficat
  15. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 360
  16. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 228
  17. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ficat

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Ficat.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ficat. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·