educație

Forms

educație f (plural educații)^[1]

Etymology

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin ēducātiō (“upbringing”), also borrowed from French éducation;^[2][3][1] DELR and MDA2 name Italian educazione as a third model.^[2][3][1] Ciorănescu derives it from the French word, Tiktin from New Latin, and Marcu from both.^[4][5][6] DELR records the older forms ⟨educațione⟩ and ⟨educațiune⟩, and a form ⟨educăciune⟩ adapted to Romanian sound patterns.^[2]

The Latin noun is formed from ēducō (“to bring up, rear”) with -tiō.^[7][1] DELR explains this verb as a durative of ēdūcō (“to lead out, bring up”), from ex- and dūcō (“to lead”).^[2] The French word is itself a learned borrowing from the Latin one.^[1] The cognate Aromanian educatsie was taken from Latin.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is Paul Iorgovici's book of 1799, where educație is one of the new words he proposed for Romanian; it is next found in the preface of a book by Țichindeal of 1808.^[2] Tiktin also dates it to 1799.^[5] The early sense was the rearing and schooling of children.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Negulici's dictionary of 1848 still listed the word as a neologism, explaining it as the care taken to teach and to form the body, the mind, the heart and the habits.^[8] DELR lists, besides the formation of children and adults, the traits and knowledge that result from it, good manners, the training of an animal and, in older use, the rearing of animals.^[2] In 1845 Bălăcescu made fun of the fashionable word with a jocular verb educaționarisi “to educate”.^[2]

The family grew with further French models: autoeducație (1898), coeducație (1900) for the schooling of boys and girls together, and educațional (1876).^[2]

Timeline

• 1799 – proposed as a new word by Iorgovici, the first record.^[2][5]
• 1808 – used in a preface by Țichindeal.^[2]
• 1836 – MDA2's first record.^[3]
• 1845 – the jocular verb educaționarisi in Bălăcescu.^[2]
• 1848 – listed among the neologisms in Negulici's dictionary.^[8]
• 1876 – educațional “educational”.^[2]
• 1898 – autoeducație “self-education”.^[2]
• 1900 – coeducație “coeducation”.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. education: the passing on of experience and culture from adults to children and young people, and the methods used to shape their intellectual, moral and physical growth.^[9][3][1]
2. Good manners and the knowledge of how to behave in society; upbringing.^[9][6]

Word family

• educațional
• autoeducație
• coeducație

Related words

• educa
• educator
• educativ
• Aromanian educatsie

Usage notes

A face educație cuiva means “to educate someone”, and educație fizică is “physical education”, the school subject.^[9]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. educa
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 789
4. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. educa
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. educație
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. educație
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. educație
9. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 343