dogar

Forms

dogar m (plural dogari, feminine equivalent dogăreasă)^[1] As the name of a tool it is neuter, with the plural dogare.^[2][3] A regional variant is dăogar.^[3][4]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian doagă + -ar, according to Tiktin, CADE, Scriban, the DLR, MDA2 and DEX;^[5][6] Ciorănescu also thinks this the more likely view.^{[7][8][3][2][5][6]} Densusianu, Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, Papahagi and the REW take it as a direct continuation of Latin dogārius (“cooper”), recorded in a Latin–Greek glossary, and compare the Valais form dové; its ⟨o⟩ would then come from the noun.^{[6][9][4][10]} The REW leaves both views open, and Wiktionary gives both.^[9][1]

It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian dugar.^[11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first certain record is a list of 1695 of the court servants given clothing, which names „2 dogari de curte” “two court coopers”.^[8][3][7] DELR mentions an uncertain earlier record, the form dăogariu in Mardarie's lexicon of 1649, glossing a Slavonic word for “watchman”.^[6] The Slavonic–Romanian lexicons of about 1660 to 1682 also have dogar beside the same Slavonic word.^[13]

Semantic evolution

The main sense has stayed “cooper”, a craftsman who makes staves and the vessels made of them; in Moldavia the usual word is butnar.^[2][8][14] As a neuter noun it names the cooper's sickle-shaped blade for splitting wood into staves, and in Transylvania a board for kneading dough.^[3][2][14] In slang it is a jocular name for an orthopaedist.^[15] The word is also a surname.^[1]

Its derivatives dogărie “cooperage” (1839), dogăreasă “cooper's wife” (1857) and dogări “to work as a cooper” (1870) are recorded in the 19th century.^[6]

Timeline

• 1649 – dăogariu in Mardarie's lexicon, an uncertain record.^[6]
• 1695 – dogari de curte “court coopers”, the first certain record.^[8][3]
• 1830 – a cooper of the salt mine of Telega in a census list.^[8]
• 1839 – dogărie “cooperage”.^[6]
• 1857 – dogăreasă “cooper's wife”.^[6]
• 1870 – dogări “to work as a cooper”.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. (masculine) A cooper: a craftsman who makes staves and wooden vessels from them; the same as butnar.^[2][3][1]
2. (neuter) A cooper's tool with a sickle-shaped blade, for splitting wood into staves.^[2][3][14]
3. (neuter, Transylvania) A board for kneading dough.^[3]
4. (slang, jocular) An orthopaedist.^[15]

Word family

• dogăreasă
• dogărie
• dogări

Related words

• doagă
• butnar
• Aromanian dugar

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 325
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 740
4. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. doagă
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. doagă
7. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. dogar
8. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. dogar
9. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2715
10. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. dogarius
11. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 417
12. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 77
13. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
14. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. dogar
15. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. dogar