Etymology and origin of the Romanian word doagă
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1700–1712 Nicolae Costin's chronicle More words from the 17th century
- Inherited from
- Latin doga
- Ultimate origin
- Late Latin doga
Derivations
Forms
doagă f (plural doage)[1] A variant dăoagă is recorded in Muntenia and Dobruja.[2][3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Late Latin doga, a Late Latin word for a vessel or measure for liquids.[2][4][5][6][1][7] Its further origin is uncertain: it is perhaps from Ancient Greek δοχή (dokhḗ, “receptacle”), from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”).[2][4][8][1] Cihac, in his second volume, and Miklosich took the Romanian word from Slavic instead, although Cihac had first accepted the Latin source.[4]
It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian doagã and Megleno-Romanian doagă, both also meaning “coverlet”.[4][2][9][10] The Istro-Romanian form duge comes from Serbo-Croatian.[4] Romance cognates include Italian doga, Sardinian doa, French douve, Occitan doga, Catalan doga and Spanish doga, and the Dalmatian duag.[4][7][3] The word was also borrowed into Albanian dogë, Modern Greek δόγα (dóga), Serbo-Croatian duga and Hungarian duga.[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
DELR's first record is in Nicolae Costin's chronicle (1700–1712), on the Turks who carried stone and timber away every year: „De le trebuie o doagă, o sâtă încă aleargă la Moldova” “if they need a stave or a sieve, they still run to Moldavia”.[2][11] MDA2 cites the same passage; its year 1601 comes from the chronicle's title.[5] Tiktin's first record is from 1777.[12]
Semantic evolution
Besides the stave itself, the word came to mean, by extension, a wooden vessel made of staves and, in general, a board.[11][2] Several expressions use it for a person's wits: a-i lipsi cuiva o doagă or a fi într-o doagă “to be not quite right in the head”, which gave the figurative sense “odd nature, temper”.[6][2][12] A ajunge în doaga cuiva means “to become like someone, in a bad way”;[13][14] a ajunge în doaga copilăriei “to fall into second childhood”, and a fi în doaga morții “to be at death's door”.[6][12][13][14] The Lexicon de la Buda of 1825 already glosses the last as “to have one foot in the grave”.[15] In slang it means “bone”.[16]
Of its family, dogar “cooper” is recorded from 1695, dogi “to come apart at the staves; to crack; to sound hoarse” before 1815, dogărie “cooperage” from 1839 and dogăreasă “cooper's wife” from 1857.[2]
Timeline
- 1695 – the derivative dogar “cooper”.[2]
- 1700–1712 – doagă in Nicolae Costin's chronicle, the first record.[2]
- 1777 – Tiktin's first record.[12]
- 1801 – doaga in Klein's dictionary.[17]
- before 1815 – the verb dogi.[2]
- 1825 – în doaga morții in the Lexicon de la Buda.[15]
- 1839 – dogărie “cooperage”.[2]
Meanings
Noun
- A stave: each of the narrow, slightly curved strips of wood that, bound with hoops, form the body of a barrel or another wooden vessel.[6][5][1]
- (figurative) A person's nature or temper, especially an odd one: Îi știu doaga, nu-l mai iau în serios.[6][2]
- (slang) A bone.[16]
Word family
- dogar
- dogăreasă
- dogăresc
- dogărie
- dogi
Related words
- Aromanian doagã
- Latin doga
Usage notes
A-i lipsi cuiva o doagă and a fi (cam) într-o doagă mean “to be a bit cracked”;[18] a ajunge (a veni, a cădea) în doaga cuiva “to become like someone, in a bad sense”.[6][18]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. doagă
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. doagă
- ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 737
- ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 324
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2714
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. doga
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 410
- ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 226
- ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. doagă
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. doagă
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 437
- ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 215
- ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 193
- ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. doagă
- ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 353
- ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. doagă
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Doagă.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/doag%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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