chemare

Forms

chemare f (plural chemări)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian chema + -re, the long infinitive of the verb, used as a noun.^[2][1][3] The verb chema continues clāmō (“to cry out, call”), inherited by the Romance languages;^[4] Ciorănescu points to Densusianu and Pușcariu for the change of /a/ to /e/.^[5][2] The noun has counterparts in Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian as well.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The articled form chemarea is found in the early-16th-century Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, at Psalms 5:1 and 9:12, and chemare at 46:5.^[4] DELR dates the noun to about 1500 with the sense “cry, calling out”.^[2] Tiktin's first record is in the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[6]

Semantic evolution

From “calling out” and “calling someone by name” the word moved to an invitation, a summons before an authority and a proclamation.^[3][7] Klein's dictionary of 1801 renders it by Latin vocatio and convocatio; the Buda Lexicon of 1825 gives the senses of calling, invitation, summons to court and naming.^[8][9] In the countryside the chemare la nuntă was the spoken invitation to a wedding carried by the man who invited the guests.^[6]

The figurative sense “vocation, mission” is recorded in the 19th century: Tiktin quotes Vlahuță on a teacher who understands his calling.^[6] Military usage had the întâia chemare, the first call-up of the reserves, and the old university the chemare la catedră, appointment to a chair without examination.^[6][3] The negative nechemare “lack of vocation” is recorded from 1931.^[2]

Timeline

• c. 1500–1520 – chemarea in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.^[4][2]
• 1570 – chemarea in Coresi's Psalter.^[10]
• c. 1573–1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[3][6]
• 1688 – in the Bucharest Bible, in the Pauline epistles among other books.^[11]
• 1801 – glossed vocatio, convocatio in Klein's dictionary.^[8]
• 1825 – four senses, including a summons to court and naming, in the Buda Lexicon.^[9]
• 1931 – nechemare “lack of vocation”.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A call: the wish, said or written, that someone should come near or to a place; an invitation.^[7][1]
2. A cry or shout that calls someone.^[7]
3. A proclamation, an appeal to take part in an action.^[7]
4. An official order to appear somewhere; a summons.^[7][3]
5. (figurative) A vocation, an inclination; a mission: A urmat medicina din chemare, nu din interes.^[7][12]

Related words

• chema

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. chema
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 373
4. ^ a b c Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 5:1
5. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. chema
6. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. chemare
7. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 176
8. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 331
9. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 113
10. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 9:12
11. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Rom 11:29
12. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 264