Etymology and origin of the Romanian word căprior
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1576 place name More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin capreolus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin caprea
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- [kə.pri.ˈor][1]
Forms
căprior m (plural căpriori, feminine equivalent căprioară)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin capreolus (“roe deer; rafter”).[2][3][4][5][1] DEX gives the Latin form as capriolus.[6] The Latin word is formed on caprea (“roe deer”) with the diminutive suffix -olus, and it already meant both the young roe deer and a rafter or strut.[7]
Ciorănescu writes that Aromanian has only the feminine Aromanian cãprioarã, while DELR marks the masculine as Aromanian too.[2][3][8] The Romance cognates include Italian capriolo, French chevreuil and Catalan cabirol, and Philippide compared Albanian kaprual.[2][9][10] The sense “rafter” is Romance as well: French chevron and Spanish cabrio mean the same.[2][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is the place name Căprioru of 1576.[3][5] In texts it appears in the Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of Mardarie (1649), and the Bible of 1688 says a house was lined „pănă la căpriori” “up to the rafters”.[11][5][12]
Semantic evolution
The animal sense and the timber sense both come from Latin.[7][2] From the rafters the word spread to other supports: the trestle under the boards of a bed or a mason's platform, and a heavy beam used as a lever.[4][13] In Transylvania it is also the horizontal tie beam that joins a pair of rafters.[4][14] The DA records it as the name of an ox and, in popular astronomy, for Capricorn.[13] Popular speech calls the jaws căpriori: a muta cuiva căpriorii is to punch someone hard in the face.[15][16][17]
Timeline
- 1337 – the feminine căprioară as a place name.[18]
- 1576 – the place name Căprioru, the first record.[3][5]
- 1649 – căprior in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[11]
- 1688 – căpriori “rafters” in the Bucharest Bible.[12][5]
- 1801 – căprior with Latin capreolus and tignum in Klein's dictionary.[19]
- 1828 – căprioreală “bracing with rafters”.[3]
- 1885 – the verb căpriori “to put the rafters on a house”.[3]
Meanings
Noun
- The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), a wild ruminant smaller than the red deer; also the male of the căprioară.[6][1][20]
- A rafter: each of the beams set in pairs that form the frame of a roof.[6][1]
- A trestle: each of the timbers that hold up the boards of a bed, a mason's platform and the like.[6][1]
- (rare) A long, heavy beam used to push or shift a load; a lever.[4]
- (Transylvania) A horizontal tie beam joining a pair of rafters.[4][14]
- (slang) The jaw.[17]
Word family
- căprioară
- căprioraș
- căpriorel
- căpriori
- căprioreală
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. căprior
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căprior
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 327
- ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. căprior
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 159
- ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1649
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
- ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. 1 Kgs 6:15
- ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căprior
- ^ a b Ștef, Dorin (2021), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din județul Maramureș, 3rd ed., Baia Mare, p. s.v. căpriór
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 248
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. căprior
- ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. căprior
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căprioară
- ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study)
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. căprior
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Căprior.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/c%C4%83prior. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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