Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word căprior

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1576 place name More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin capreolus
Ultimate origin
Latin caprea
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin caper
Latin capra
French chèvre
Italian capra
Romanian capră
Latin caprea
Latin capreolus
Romanian căprior
From the same root
Latin capella ← caper
Latin Capricornus ← caper
Latin caprifīcus ← caper
Latin caprīnus ← caper
Romanian căprui ← capră

Pronunciation

  • [kə.pri.ˈor][1]

Forms

căprior m (plural căpriori, feminine equivalent căprioară)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin capreolus (“roe deer; rafter”).[2][3][4][5][1] DEX gives the Latin form as capriolus.[6] The Latin word is formed on caprea (“roe deer”) with the diminutive suffix -olus, and it already meant both the young roe deer and a rafter or strut.[7]

Ciorănescu writes that Aromanian has only the feminine Aromanian cãprioarã, while DELR marks the masculine as Aromanian too.[2][3][8] The Romance cognates include Italian capriolo, French chevreuil and Catalan cabirol, and Philippide compared Albanian kaprual.[2][9][10] The sense “rafter” is Romance as well: French chevron and Spanish cabrio mean the same.[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the place name Căprioru of 1576.[3][5] In texts it appears in the Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of Mardarie (1649), and the Bible of 1688 says a house was lined „pănă la căpriori” “up to the rafters”.[11][5][12]

Semantic evolution

The animal sense and the timber sense both come from Latin.[7][2] From the rafters the word spread to other supports: the trestle under the boards of a bed or a mason's platform, and a heavy beam used as a lever.[4][13] In Transylvania it is also the horizontal tie beam that joins a pair of rafters.[4][14] The DA records it as the name of an ox and, in popular astronomy, for Capricorn.[13] Popular speech calls the jaws căpriori: a muta cuiva căpriorii is to punch someone hard in the face.[15][16][17]

Timeline

  • 1337 – the feminine căprioară as a place name.[18]
  • 1576 – the place name Căprioru, the first record.[3][5]
  • 1649 – căprior in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[11]
  • 1688 – căpriori “rafters” in the Bucharest Bible.[12][5]
  • 1801 – căprior with Latin capreolus and tignum in Klein's dictionary.[19]
  • 1828 – căprioreală “bracing with rafters”.[3]
  • 1885 – the verb căpriori “to put the rafters on a house”.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), a wild ruminant smaller than the red deer; also the male of the căprioară.[6][1][20]
  2. A rafter: each of the beams set in pairs that form the frame of a roof.[6][1]
  3. A trestle: each of the timbers that hold up the boards of a bed, a mason's platform and the like.[6][1]
  4. (rare) A long, heavy beam used to push or shift a load; a lever.[4]
  5. (Transylvania) A horizontal tie beam joining a pair of rafters.[4][14]
  6. (slang) The jaw.[17]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. căprior
  3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căprior
  4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 327
  5. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. căprior
  6. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 159
  7. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  8. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1649
  10. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
  11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
  12. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. 1 Kgs 6:15
  13. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căprior
  14. ^ a b Ștef, Dorin (2021), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din județul Maramureș, 3rd ed., Baia Mare, p. s.v. căpriór
  15. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 248
  16. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. căprior
  17. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. căprior
  18. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căprioară
  19. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study)
  20. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. căprior

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Căprior.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/c%C4%83prior. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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