buget

Forms

buget n (plural bugete)^[1] The 19th century wrote it budget, as in a DA quotation from Maiorescu: „să fie tăiate din budget” “to be cut from the budget”.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French budget.^{[5][6][7][4][3][1]} NODEX also names German Budget.^[8] French borrowed it in 1764 from English budget, which first meant a small leather bag and is from Old French bougette, a diminutive of bouge (“leather bag”).^[5][9][10] That word is from Latin bulga, a Celtic loan; compare Old Irish bolg (“bag”).^[5] The financial sense arose in England in the early 18th century, from the finance minister's report carried in such a bag, as in the phrase “open the budget”.^[5][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR and Tiktin date the first record to 1829, in the spelling budget, for the balance of a state's income and spending.^[5][3]

Semantic evolution

The word kept the public sense of the French word, the yearly statement of a state's, a ministry's or a commune's income and expenses, and by extension came to be used for a family's or a person's means.^[2][7] Scriban notes a te îndesa la buget “to crowd in at the budget”, for living off public money.^[10] Romanian built a family on it, partly from French models: bugetar (1863, from budgétaire), bugetivor (1888, from budgétivore), extrabugetar (1907) and bugetofag (1912).^[5] The verb bugeta is recent (1972).^[5] Newer phrases include buget de timp, the time one has for a task.^[11]

Timeline

• 1829 – budget, the first record.^[5][3]
• 1863 – bugetar “budgetary” in Kogălniceanu.^[5]
• 1888 – bugetivor “budget-devouring” in the parliamentary debates.^[5]
• 1907 – extrabugetar “off-budget”.^[5]
• 1912 – bugetofag in Agârbiceanu.^[5]
• 1927 – suprabugetar in Minulescu.^[5]
• 1972 – the verb bugeta, as the noun bugetare.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. A budget: the statement of the income and its allotment to kinds of expenditure of a state, an organization or a family over a period, usually a year.^[4][7]
2. The income and spending planned by a family or a person for a given period.^[7][12]
3. buget de timp: the time a person or a group has for a task.^[11][13]

Word family

• bugetivor
• extrabugetar
• suprabugetar
• bugetar
• bugeta
• bugetofag

Usage notes

DEX and MDA2 also list a separate buget (stressed búget), an adjective that is a variant of the regional buged “puffy (of the face)”, inherited from a Latin *buccidus.^[4][7]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. buget
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. buget
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 123
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. buget
6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. buget
7. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 255
8. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. buget
9. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 203
11. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. buget
12. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan” (1998), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, 2nd ed., București: Univers Enciclopedic, p. 116
13. ^ Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. buget