buged

Forms

buged m or n (feminine singular bugedă, masculine plural bugezi, feminine/neuter plural bugede)^[1] The variant buget occurs in Eminescu: „La fălci umflat și buget” “swollen and puffy in the jaws”.^[2][3] Around Arad the form buced is recorded, and DELR gives it as a Banat variant.^[2][4]

Etymology

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *buccidus (“with puffed-up cheeks”), a form reconstructed from bucca (“cheek”).^{[4][5][2][6][1]} Tiktin compares the /g/ for Latin /k/ with fraged from fracidus.^[5] The Latin noun is of uncertain origin; a Celtic source has been suspected.^[7]

Ciorănescu rejects the reconstructed Latin form as problematic.^[8] For him the adjective was formed on the expressive root buh- (“swelling”) with the suffix -et, as ⟨buget⟩, and only later took the ending of that adjective and of lânced.^[8][4] Cihac saw in it a Slavic element, built on the base of buiac.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the variant buget in N. Costin, dated 1703–1709.^[4] Tiktin's first quotation, dated about 1730, reads: „picioarele îmflate, gura fără dinți, fața bugedă” “swollen legs, a toothless mouth, a puffy face”.^[5][9] The verb bugezi “to become puffy in the face” is recorded earlier still, in T. Corbea's dictionary of 1691–1697.^[4]

Semantic evolution

The word describes a face swollen and puffy from illness, sleep or drink; the DA defines its first sense as the swelling of oedema, and by extension any puffiness of the face.^[2][10] Tiktin glosses it as the pale, bloated face of a sickly person.^[5] It is a regional word of Moldavia, Bukovina, Maramureș and Banat.^[4][2] A folk rhyme sets it against a fine face: „Fața mea-i față de domn, / A ta-i bugedă de somn” “my face is a lord's face, yours is puffy with sleep”.^[2][11]

Its family names swelling and sloth: bugezi “to swell in the face from illness or sleep” and the Moldavian bugini “to sleep a lot, to laze about”, which DELR records from 1906.^[4][2]

Timeline

• 1691–1697 – the verb bugezi in T. Corbea's dictionary.^[4]
• 1703–1709 – the variant buget in N. Costin, the first record of the adjective.^[4]
• c. 1730 – fața bugedă “a puffy face” in a text Tiktin quotes from the Moldavian chronicles.^[5]
• 1793 – buged in a manuscript translation of a Greek arithmetic handbook.^[12]
• 1845 – the abstract noun bugezime.^[4]
• 1906 – bugini “to sleep until one's face swells; to idle”.^[4]

Meanings

Adjective

1. (regional, of the face or cheeks) puffy, bloated, swollen from illness, sleep or drink: Se trezise cu fața bugedă. “He had woken up with a puffy face.”^[6][10][1]
2. (of a person) having such a swollen face; buhăit.^[10][12]

Word family

• bugezi
• bugini

Related words

• buhav
• Latin bucca

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. buged
3. ^ Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. buged
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. buged
5. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. buged
6. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 123
7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. buh-
9. ^ Costinescu, Mariana; Georgescu, Magdalena; Zgraon, Florentina (1987), Dicționarul limbii române literare vechi (1640–1780): termeni regionali, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 1, 85
10. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. buged
11. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. buged
12. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 255