Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ajuta

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
c. 1500 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin adiuto
Ultimate origin
Latin iuvo
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin iuvō
Italian giovare
Latin adiuvō
Latin adiūtō
French aider
Italian aiutare
Romanian ajuta
Spanish ayudar
From the same root
Latin iūcundus ← iuvō
Latin adiūmentum ← adiuvō
Latin adiūtor ← adiuvō
Latin adiūtōrium ← adiuvō
Latin adiūtrīx ← adiuvō
French aide ← aider
Spanish ayuda ← ayudar
Spanish ayudante ← ayudar

Pronunciation

Forms

ajuta (present ajut, third person ajută, past participle ajutat, subjunctive să ajute), 1st conjugation[1][2] Old texts spell it with ⟨gi⟩: the Codicele Voronețean has „Bărbați izrailiteani, agiutați!” “Men of Israel, help!” (Acts 21:28).[3][4] MDA2 records agiuta as a regional form.[5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin adiūtō (“to help, assist”).[6][7][5][1] The Latin verb is a frequentative of adiuvō (“to help”), itself formed from ad- and iuvō (“to help, to please”).[6][8] Candrea–Densusianu explain the kept ⟨u⟩ by the stem-stressed forms of the present.[9]

The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian agiut, Megleno-Romanian jut and Istro-Romanian ajut.[6][7][10][1] It is Pan-Romance: Italian aiutare, French aider, Old Occitan ajudar, Spanish ayudar and Portuguese ajudar.[6][7][11] The noun ajutor is inherited separately, from adiūtōrium, which survives only in Romanian.[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, about 1500, which already has ajutor and ajutător too.[6] MDA2 dates the verb to the Codicele Voronețean, whose cry „agiutați!” translates Acts 21:28.[5][3][4] The sense was “to help, to give support”.[6]

Semantic evolution

Old texts use the verb both with the accusative and with the dative: a ajuta pe cineva and a ajuta cuiva; the Bible of 1688 has „Sui-te degrabă cătră noi și ne ajută noao” “come up to us quickly and help us”.[3][4] The reciprocal a se ajuta is in Moxa and in Varlaam.[4] With an inanimate subject it means “to serve, to be of use”: nu-l mai ajută picioarele “his legs fail him”.[3][2]

The invocation Doamne-ajută “God help”, said when starting work, became a noun for success and good progress, and ironically for a beating.[2][5] From ajute zău came the old greeting ajutezău or aștezău, addressed to women at the loom.[6][9] The oath formula Așa să-mi ajute Dumnezeu! “so help me God” closes a sworn statement.[5][3]

Timeline

  • c. 1500 – the verb, ajutor and ajutător in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[6]
  • 16th century – „agiutați!” in the Codicele Voronețean.[5][3]
  • 1570 – in Coresi's psalter.[12]
  • 1581 – ajutătorie and ajutorie “help” in Coresi's Carte de învățătură.[6]
  • 1635 – ajutora “to support materially”.[6]
  • 1818 – ajutăreț “auxiliary (verb)”, a calque of Latin auxiliaris, in Budai-Deleanu's lexicon.[6]
  • 1852 – ajutezău in Anton Pann.[6]
  • 1937 – întrajutorare “mutual help”, after French entraide.[6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To help, to give support or assistance: L-am ajutat să care bagajele.[2][5]
  2. (reflexive) To make use of someone or something as help: Urcau ajutându-se cu frânghia.[2][5]
  3. A-l ajuta puterea (capul, mintea): to have the physical or mental ability for something.[2][5]
  4. (intransitive) To be of use, to serve: Sfatul tău nu mi-a ajutat la nimic.[2][13]

Word family

  • ajutător
  • ajutora
  • întrajutora
  • întrajutorare
  • neajutorat
  • ajutat

Usage notes

(Mai) de Doamne-ajută means “(rather) good, of some worth”.[2][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 23
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ajuta
  4. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ajuta
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 32
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. ajuta
  7. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ajuta
  8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. adiūtō
  9. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. ajuta
  10. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 163
  11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 172
  12. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 93:17
  13. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ajuta

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Ajuta.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ajuta. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

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