vas Latin · revision 8293

+ {{homograph|1|surety}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Law of the Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *wedʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwas]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vas''' ''m'' (genitive vadis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The surety is Proto-Italic *woss, genitive *waþos, from [[ine-pro|*wedʰ-|t=to lead; to pledge]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs a root noun *uodʰ-s, “the one who leads the defendant to court”, and compares [[lt|vãdas|t=surety]], [[got|𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌹|tr=wadi|t=pledge]] and [[ang|wedd|t=pledge]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables use it, and Plautus has a man who has bound another over with sureties.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a legal word: a person who guaranteed that a defendant would appear in court, especially in a capital case, as Varro defines it and Livy uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Cicero tells of Damon, who became surety for his friend's return to Dionysius on pain of his own death.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein distinguishes it from [[praes]], a surety for a claim of the state, and the general word [[sponsor]].^(Döderlein 1874) Figuratively Curtius has Alexander call his soldiers' courage the surety for his plans.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Medieval writers used it for a guarantor and for a thing given as surety.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Law of the Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of sureties in court.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of Damon and Pythias.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of defendants who abandoned their sureties.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|surety]], bail, one who guarantees a defendant's appearance in court.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A guarantor.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vador]]

+ * [[vadimōnium]]

+ * [[praes]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|vessel}}

+