tina

Forms

tina f (plural tinas)^[1] Cunha records tĩa and tỹa in the 13th century and tjnha and tyna in the 14th.^[2][3] Houaiss has tya in the 13th century.^[2][3] Aurélio gives tinha as a variant.^[4]

Etymology

It is probably borrowed from Spanish tina, recorded in Spanish from 1159, from Latin tīna (“a vessel for bringing wine to the table”), as Houaiss explains it.^[3][5] Cunha also suggests that the Latin word may have come through Castilian, the REW and the DLP take the Portuguese word from Spanish, and Nascentes and Aurélio allow either Spanish or a variant Vulgar Latin *tinna of the classical noun.^{[2][6][7][8][4]} Wiktionary and Michaelis give the Latin word directly.^[1][9] Bluteau (1712) derived it from the Italian tino, a wooden vat.^[10]

The Latin noun also survives in Catalan tina, French tine and Sardinian tina, with a masculine form beside it in Italian.^[6][5] A diminutive gives Spanish tinaja, Galician tinalla and the Portuguese tinalha, a small vat for wine recorded from the 13th century.^[11][2]

Varro describes the Latin word as a long-mouthed wine vessel with a lid, set on the table at early banquets.^[12] The OLD calls its origin unknown, while Wiktionary takes it from Etruscan 𐌈𐌉𐌍𐌀 (θina, “a type of vessel”).^[12][1]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau (1712) describes the tina as a vessel of staves, hoops and a bottom, like a small vat, for wine, vegetables and the like, and names a large tina for washing and bathing.^[10] Morais (1789) compares it to a cask cut in half, used for water, other liquids and baths.^[13] The original Caldas Aulete adds the sense “bathtub” of stone or metal and, for Estremadura, a low oval vat.^[14][15] Priberam places this last sense in Beira.^[14][15] Dialect surveys in Portugal record it for a small wine-cellar vessel set under the spout of the press.^[16]

Houaiss adds nautical senses: a bucket once used to catch water from the pumps, the mercury cistern of a barometer, and the locker for the topsail halyards; in Portugal it is also the bench of the cork cutter.^[3] In Rio Grande do Sul it is a large round tin or aluminium tub for carrying water, washing clothes or bathing.^[17] In Guinea-Bissau the word names a struck idiophone.^[18]

Timeline

• 13th century – first records, spelt tĩa and tỹa.^[2][3]
• 14th century – the spellings tjnha and tyna.^[2]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary has tina.^[19]
• 1712 – Bluteau describes the vessel and derives the word from Italian.^[10]
• 1758 – tinas in a private letter.^[20]
• 1789 – Morais defines it as a stave vessel like half a cask.^[13]
• 1871 – Vieira derives it from Latin tina.^[21]

Meanings

Noun

1. A small vessel of various shapes and sizes for holding liquids.^[3]
2. A tub of staves, like a barrel cut in half, used to carry water, wash clothes and so on.^[3][4][1]
3. A tub of stone or metal for bathing; a bathtub (banheira).^[3][4]
4. (nautical) A bucket once used to collect water from the pumps for washing down the decks.^[3]
5. (nautical) The mercury cistern at the bottom of a barometer.^[3]
6. (nautical) The locker where the topsail halyards and sounding lines are kept.^[3][9]
7. (Portugal) The bench of a cork cutter.^[3]
8. (Portugal, Beira) A low oval vat (dorna).^[15]

Related words

• tinalha
• Latin tīna
• Spanish tina
• Spanish tinaja

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. tina
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. tina
4. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. tina
5. ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 493
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8741
7. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. tina
8. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. tina
9. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. tina
10. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. tina
11. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. tinaja
12. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
13. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 459
14. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. tina
15. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. tina
16. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. tina
17. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. tina
18. ^ Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org
19. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. tina
20. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. tina
21. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 726