soldar

Forms

soldar (first-person singular present soldo, first-person singular preterite soldei, past participle soldado)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin solidō (“to make solid, consolidate”), a verb from Latin solidus (“solid, firm”).^[2][3][4][5] Houaiss notes that Pliny already used the Latin verb for soldering.^[2] The borrowed solidar is its learned doublet.^[1]

The same Latin verb is Spanish soldar, Catalan soldar, Galician soldar, Italian saldare and French souder, Old French solder.^[6][7][1]

De Vaan derives the adjective from *soliþo- and Proto-Indo-European *solh2-i-dhh1-o- (“entire”), of the same root as Latin salvus (“safe”) and sollus (“whole”).^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss and Cunha date the verb to the 13th century, Cunha with the senses “to make solid; to join, hold together”.^[2][3] In the Cantigas de Santa Maria it is used of broken bones that knit: os ossos foron ben soldados “the bones were well mended”.^[9] Houaiss records the form soldaron in the 14th century.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Cardoso (1569) and Pereira (1697) gloss the verb with Latin ferrumino “to solder”, and Barbosa (1611) adds solido and consolido.^[10][11][12] Bluteau (1712–1728) defines it as joining one thing to another, or rejoining it after a break, with solder or another sticky matter.^[13] Morais (1789) describes the joining of two pieces of metal by solder and fire, and adds the closing of a wound, the mending of a broken friendship and, in commerce, the settling of an account.^[14] The noun solda “solder” is recorded in 1813.^[3] Today the verb also means “to weld” and, figuratively, to join things into a whole.^[2][1]

Timeline

• 13th century – first record of soldar.^[2][3]
• Cantigas de Santa Maria – os ossos foron ben soldados.^[9]
• 14th century – the form soldaron.^[2]
• 1569 – Cardoso lists soldar as Latin ferrumino.^[10]
• 1789 – Morais records the joining of metal and the settling of an account.^[14]
• 1813 – first record of the noun solda.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To solder or weld: to join pieces, especially of metal, with solder or heat: soldou os dois canos.^[2][15][1]
2. To close or seal with solder.^[2][16]
3. To join, link or fasten things together;^[2][15][17] (figurative) to unite into one whole.^[2][15][17]
4. (intransitive and reflexive) Of a bone or wound, to knit or heal.^[15][17]
5. To settle a debt or an account.^[5][17]

Word family

• solda
• soldador
• soldadura
• dessoldar

Related words

• solidar
• sólido
• soldo
• Latin solidus
• Spanish soldar

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. soldar
3. ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. soldar
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. soldar
5. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. soldar
6. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. souder
7. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. solidare
8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
9. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. soldar
10. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. soldar
11. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. soldar
12. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. soldar
13. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. soldar
14. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 413
15. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. soldar
16. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. soldar
17. ^ a b c d Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. soldar