pavilhão

Forms

pavilhão m (plural pavilhões)^[1] Houaiss records pauilhom in the 15th century, and pauelhões, pavilhão and pavelhão in the 1560s.^[2][3] Morais (1813) heads the word Pavilhão but says Pavelhão would be better.^[4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French pavillon (“military tent”), from Old French paveillon and ultimately from Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly; tent”).^[2][3][5][1] The French word is recorded as paveilun early in the 12th century and in its present form in 1165.^[6] The Latin noun meant “butterfly, moth”; under the Empire it also came to mean “tent”, which the DHLF explains by the likeness of a tent's flapping curtains to an insect's wings.^[7][6] Medieval Latin used it for an army tent.^[8][9]

The same French word was borrowed as Spanish pabellón, first recorded about 1473.^[10] Corominas notes that its ⟨ll⟩ marks a foreign word and that the ⟨v⟩ of the older Spanish spelling, which is general in Portuguese, points to Old French.^[10] Inherited from the Latin word itself is French papillon (“butterfly”), a doublet of the French source.^[1]

De Vaan explains the Latin word as a reduplication of a root meaning “to fly, flutter”, which also built the Germanic word for “butterfly”, *fifaldǭ, and the Baltic and Slavic words for “quail”.^[11][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is pauilhom in a 15th-century text he cites as Vita.^[12] Cunha also dates the word to the 15th century.^[2][3] The first Portuguese–Latin dictionary to list it, Barbosa's of 1611, renders Pavilhão by the Latin conopeum.^[12] Morais (1813) gives first the sense “field tent” (tenda de campanha).^[4]

Semantic evolution

Nascentes traces the senses from the French “field tent” to “canopy over a throne”, and then to “banner with the arms of the crown”.^[13] Morais (1813) adds the cloth and curtains that cover the tabernacle, a vault formed by trees, and a bed with a conical canopy whose curtains are raised by cords (leito de pavelhão).^[4]

By 1912 Silva Bastos lists a wooden dwelling easily taken apart, the outer part of the ear canal, the wide end of some wind instruments, and the flag that stands for a nation.^[14] Modern dictionaries add a separate building within a group (a hospital ward, a sports hall), the building a country puts up at a fair or exhibition, and the sound horn of a loudspeaker.^[2][5] In Rio Grande do Sul it is also the tent put up for the public at country festivals and the big top of a circus.^[15]

Timeline

• Early 12th century – French paveilun, pavillon in 1165.^[6]
• 15th century – pauilhom, Houaiss's and Cunha's first record.^[2][3]
• 1563 – pauelhões, and pavilhão and pavelhão in 1567.^[2]
• 1607 – pavilhão in a private letter.^[16]
• 1611 – Barbosa's dictionary lists Pavilhão.^[12]
• 1813 – Morais lists the field tent, the tabernacle curtains and the canopied bed.^[4]
• 1912 – Silva Bastos records the senses “outer ear”, “bell of a wind instrument” and “national flag”.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. A light building, usually put up quickly, that serves as a shelter; a pavilion or kiosk (quiosque).^[2][5]
2. A tent or other structure that can be taken down and carried; a barraca: Montaram um pavilhão para os feridos.^[2][5][17]
3. A separate building that is part of a group of buildings, such as a hospital block; in Portugal also a large covered hall for sport: pavilhão de desportos.^[2][5][18]
4. An annex built beside the main body of a building.^[2][5]
5. A building, usually temporary, where a country shows its products at a fair or international exhibition.^[2][5]
6. A garden arbour, often of wooden laths covered with climbing plants; a caramanchão.^[2][19]
7. A canopy over a bed or throne; the curtain that covers a tabernacle (sacrário).^[2][17]
8. A flag or banner, especially the flag that stands for a nation;^[18][1] (nautical) the naval power of a country.^{[2][20][18][1]}
9. (anatomy) The widened end of a duct;^[21] pavilhão auricular, the outer part of the ear.^[2][20]
10. (music) The flared bell of a wind instrument.^[2][20]

Related words

• French pavillon
• Spanish pabellón
• Latin pāpiliō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. pavilhão
3. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. pavilhão
4. ^ a b c d Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 413
5. ^ a b c d e f g Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. pavilhão
6. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. pavillon
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. pāpiliō
8. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. papilio
9. ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre, p. s.v. papilio
10. ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 4, 329
11. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
12. ^ a b c Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. pavilhão
13. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. pavilhão
14. ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. pavilhão
15. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. 2, s.v. pavilhão
16. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. pavilhão
17. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. pavilhão
18. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 6987
19. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. pavilhão
20. ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. pavilhão
21. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. esprandor