ode

Forms

ode f (plural odes)^[1] The 16th century had both oda and ode;^[2][3] Bluteau still enters ode, ou oda and refers to oda.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Late Latin ode (“lyric song”), also written ōda, which is from Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).^[2][4][1][5] The Greek noun is the contracted form of ἀοιδή (aoidḗ), from ἀείδω (aeídō, “to sing”).^[6][1] The same Late Latin word gave French ode, first recorded in 1488.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the first record to 1561, in the form oda;^[2] ode follows in the same century.^[2] The first sense, as in Latin and Greek, is a lyric poem of the ancients made to be sung.^[2][8]

Semantic evolution

Morais in 1789 defines the ode as a lyric poem of praise, at times of love.^[9] Vieira distinguishes the ancient sense, a poem meant to be sung, from the modern one, a poem in stanzas alike in the number and measure of their lines, and lists kinds such as the ode heróica in praise of heroes.^[8] The modern dictionaries keep both senses and name the ode pindárica after Pindar and the ode anacreôntica after Anacreon.^[10][11][12]

Timeline

• 1561 – first record, as oda.^[2]
• 16th century – the form ode.^[2]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau enters ode, ou oda.^[3]
• 1789 – Morais defines it as a lyric poem of praise or love.^[9]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira separates the ancient and the modern sense.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. (antiquity) Among the ancient Greeks, a lyric poem composed to be sung.^[2][4][10]
2. An ode: a lyric poem of elevated, enthusiastic tone in stanzas of the same structure, usually addressed to or praising someone or something.^[2][10][13]

Related words

• poema
• Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ)

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. ode
3. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. ode
4. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. ode
5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. ode
6. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940), A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 526
9. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 128
10. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. ode
11. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. ode
12. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. ode
13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. ode