Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word morte
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1266 More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin mors
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *mértis
Etymology tree
Derivations
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
morte f (plural mortes)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin mors (“death”), written Old Galician-Portuguese morte in the oldest texts.[2][3][1]
The same Latin word is Galician morte, Spanish muerte, Catalan mort, French mort, Italian morte and Romanian moarte.[4][1]
The Latin noun is from *mortis, from Proto-Indo-European *mértis (“death”), from the root *mer- (“to die”), and is related to morior (“to die”).[1] The OLD compares Lithuanian mirtis (“death”).[5] The verb morrer continues the popular Latin form of the same verb.[6]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss dates the word to 1266, from the slips of the index of medieval Portuguese, and Cunha to the 13th century.[2][3] The cantigas have many set phrases: prender morte, aver morte and filhar morte “to die”, sofrer morte, and seer morte “to cause someone mortal grief”.[7] The Cantigas de Santa Maria say of Christ that he venceu a mort'.[7]
Semantic evolution
Vieira quotes from the Livros de Linhagens the phrase aquel que prendeu morte e payxom, of Christ.[8] Bluteau (1712) defines death as the separation of soul and body, and Feijó (1734) adds “a feigned goddess”, the personified Death.[9][10] Morais (1813) records morte civil, the loss of civil rights, and homem de má morte.[11]
Modern senses are the end of anything, ruin and destruction, killing, the death penalty and, figuratively, great grief.[2][12] Death is pictured as a skeleton with a scythe.[2][13]
Timeline
- 1266 – first record, in Houaiss's dating.[2]
- 13th century – the cantigas use prender morte and aver morte “to die”.[7]
- c. 1400 – morte in a fragment of the Flos Sanctorum.[14]
- 1569 – Cardoso glosses it with Latin mors.[15]
- 1712 – Bluteau defines it as the separation of soul and body.[9]
- 1813 – Morais records morte civil.[11]
Meanings
Noun
- Death, the end of life of a person, animal or plant.[2][13][1]
- The state of being dead.[1]
- (capitalised) Death personified, usually as a skeleton armed with a scythe.[2][13][1]
- The act of killing; homicide.[2][12]
- The death penalty.[12][16]
- The end or disappearance of anything: a morte de uma língua.[2]
- Destruction, ruin.[13][1]
- (figurative) Great grief or suffering.[2][13]
Word family
- amortecer
- amortecedor
- amortecimento
- mortiço
Related words
- morrer
- mortal
- mortalha
- mortalidade
- mortandade
- mortífero
- morto
- imortal
- Latin mors
- Galician morte
- Spanish muerte
Usage notes
De má morte “of a bad death” means worthless.[17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. morte
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. morte
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5688
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. mors
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. morrer
- ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. morte
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 323
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. morte
- ^ Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. morte
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 320
- ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 6327
- ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. morte
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. morte
- ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. morte
- ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. morte
- ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. morte
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Morte.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/morte. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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