Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word março

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1259 charters of Montederramo, Galicia, spelt marçio More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin Martius
Ultimate origin
Latin Mārs
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin Mārs
English Mars
Latin Mārtius
Aromanian martsu
Italian marzo
Portuguese março
Spanish marzo
English March
German März
From the same root
Latin Mārtiālis ← Mārs
Latin Mārtīnus ← Mārs

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ˈmaʁ.su/, [ˈmah.su][1]
  • São-Paulo: /ˈmaɾ.su/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /ˈmaʁ.su/, [ˈmaχ.su][1]
  • Caipira: /ˈmaɻ.su/[1]

Forms

março m (plural marços)[1] Charters of the Galician monastery of Montederramo write marçio from 1259 and março from 1264.[2] Houaiss records a spelling marco in the 15th century.[3] Until the spelling agreements (1943 in Brazil, 1990 in Portugal) the month was written with a capital, Março.[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin Mārtius (“(month) of Mars”), written Old Galician-Portuguese março in the oldest texts.[3][4][1][2] The Latin word is an adjective used as a noun, with mēnsis (“month”) understood, and is formed from the god's name Mārs with the suffix -ius.[1][5][6] For the Romans, who dedicated it to Mars, it was the first month of the year.[6]

The same Latin word is Galician marzo, Spanish marzo, Catalan març, French mars, Italian marzo and Romanian marț.[7][1][2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lorenzo found the word in Portuguese charters from 1270 on, in datings such as xij dias andados de março “twelve days gone of March” (1270) and xvi dias de março (1274).[2] The Cantigas de Santa Maria speak of ssa festa de março “her feast in March”, the Annunciation.[2]

Semantic evolution

The word has only ever named the month.[3][4] Bluteau (1712–1728) collected proverbs about it, among them Quem não poda em Março, vindima no regaço “who does not prune in March will gather the vintage in his lap”, and Março marcegão, pela manhã rosto de cão, à tarde verão, on its changing weather.[6] The word passed into Kabuverdianu and Tetum as marsu and into Konkani.[1]

Timeline

  • 1259 – marçio in a charter of Montederramo;[2] março there from 1264.[2]
  • 1270 – xij dias andados de março in a charter from Portel.[2]
  • 13th century, second half – the Cantigas de Santa Maria speak of the March feast of the Virgin.[2]
  • 1332 – XXj día de março in a notarial register of Noia.[2]
  • 15th century – the spelling marco.[3]
  • 1513 – março in the Livro dos Mártires.[8]
  • 1569 – Cardoso translates it as Latin martius.[9]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau collects the March proverbs.[6]
  • 1789 – Morais: the third month, after February and before April.[10]

Meanings

Noun

  1. March, the third month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, with 31 days.[3][11][1]

Usage notes

Since the spelling agreements the names of the months are written in lower case (março); Março is the older spelling, still found where the 1990 agreement is not applied.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. março
  3. ^ a b c d e Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. março
  4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. marcial
  5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. martius
  6. ^ a b c d Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. março
  7. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5383
  8. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. março
  9. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. março
  10. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 58
  11. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. março

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Março.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/mar%C3%A7o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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