Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word geada

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin gelata
Ultimate origin
Latin gelō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin gelū
French gel
Italian gelo
Romanian ger
Spanish hielo
Portuguese gelo
Latin gelō
French geler
Italian gelare
Portuguese gear
Spanish helar
Latin gelāta
Portuguese geada
From the same root
Latin gelidus ← gelū
Romanian gerar ← ger
Old French gelee ← gelō
Italian gelata ← gelare
Italian gelato ← gelare

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ʒeˈa.dɐ/[1]
  • Portugal: /ʒiˈa.dɐ/, [ʒiˈa.ðɐ], /ˈʒja.dɐ/[1]
  • Portugal, Southern: /ʒiˈa.dɐ/, /ˈʒja.dɐ/[1]

Forms

geada f (plural geadas)[1] The Cantigas de Santa Maria write gẽada.[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Medieval Latin gelāta (“frost”), written Old Galician-Portuguese geada in the oldest texts.[1][3][4] The Latin noun is the feminine past participle of Latin gelō (“to freeze”) used as a noun, and Wiktionary notes that it is recorded in the Reichenau Glossary.[3][5][1] Figueiredo explained the Portuguese word as a contraction of gelada, which Wiktionary treats as its doublet, beside geleia.[6][1]

Nascentes and the first edition of Aurélio analyse it instead as the participle of gear “to frost” used as a noun.[7][8] Houaiss and Cunha, however, date the verb only to the 15th and 17th centuries.[9][10]

The same Latin noun is Galician xeada, Spanish helada, Catalan gelada, French gelée and Italian gelata.[11][1] The Latin verb is formed on gelū (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word appears in two 13th-century cantigas: a cantiga d'escarnho by Afonso X has geada ou nev' “frost or snow”, and one of the Cantigas de Santa Maria tells of a miracle that the Virgin showed per hũa mui gran gẽada “through a very great frost”.[2][12]

Semantic evolution

The sense has stayed that of frozen dew: Morais (1789) defines it so, and Figueiredo (1899) adds the extended sense “bitter cold”.[13][6] Modern Portuguese distinguishes geada branca, white hoar frost, from geada negra, a late spring frost that blackens and kills young shoots, as on vines.[14][15] In Brazil the word also names a plant disease, the podridão-parda.[3]

Timeline

  • 13th century – first records, in the cantigas.[4][2]
  • c. 1430 – the Horto do Esposo (witness 1390–1437) uses the word.[16]
  • 1569 – Cardoso renders it with Latin pruina.[17]
  • 1611 – Barbosa adds the verb gear.[18]
  • 1789 – Morais defines it as dew frozen by the cold.[13]
  • 1899 – Figueiredo records the sense “bitter cold”.[6]

Meanings

Noun

  1. frost, hoarfrost: frozen dew forming a thin white layer on the ground, plants and roofs: De manhã os campos estavam brancos de geada.[3][14][1]
  2. A spell of frost in an area.[1]
  3. (by extension) Bitter cold.[19][20]
  4. (Brazil, plant pathology) The podridão-parda, a plant disease.[3][14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. geada
  3. ^ a b c d e Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. geada
  4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. geada
  5. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. geada
  6. ^ a b c Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 659
  7. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. geada
  8. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda (1975), Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, p. 704
  9. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. gear
  10. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. gelo
  11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3714
  12. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. geada
  13. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 656
  14. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. geada
  15. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 4641
  16. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. geada
  17. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. geada
  18. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. geada
  19. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. geada
  20. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. geada

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Geada.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/geada. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·