Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word função
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1675 More words from the 17th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin functio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin fungor
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
função f (plural funções)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin fūnctiō (“performance, execution”).[2][1] Nascentes considers it semi-learned.[3] The Latin noun is formed from fungor (“to perform, discharge”) with the suffix -tiō.[4][1] In Late and Medieval Latin it also meant a public service or levy, a tax.[5] In that sense the REW lists Portuguese infurção, which Viterbo explains as a rent or tribute paid to a lord.[6][7] De Vaan reconstructs the verb as *bʰu-n-g- (“to be of use”), with a nasal infix.[8]
The same Latin noun was borrowed as Spanish función, first recorded in 1657, probably as a medical term, and French fonction (recorded in 1370, borrowed again in 1566).[9][10] Houaiss derives funcionar and funcionário from French fonctionner and fonctionnaire, with the stem ⟨funcion-⟩ of the noun.[11][12]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss's first record is a text of 1675.[2] Bluteau (1712–1728) heads the word funçam and defines it as the exercise of a post or office, and Feijó (1734) defines funçaõ the same way.[13][14]
Semantic evolution
Morais (1789) adds the vital functions of the body and a feast or festivity held in churches.[15] The 19th-century spelling funcção restored the Latin ⟨c⟩.[16][1] Vieira (1871–1874) heads the word função or funcção and lists the functions of the organs and the religious duties.[16][1] The original Caldas Aulete adds the mathematical sense, a quantity whose value depends on another, and a chemical sense.[17]
The sense “festivity” lives on: in Brazil the word means a show or performance, and in the south a session of a circus, theatre or cinema programme.[18][19] Priberam records a Brazilian sense “dance, fandango”, and dialect surveys in Portugal record “wedding” and the day of cutting up the slaughtered pig.[20][21] In the Azores it is the meal shared with friends and family at the Feast of the Holy Spirit.[1]
Timeline
- 1675 – first record.[2]
- 1712–1728 – Bluteau heads the word funçam.[13]
- 1734 – Feijó writes funçaõ.[14]
- 1743 – a private letter writes funsão.[22]
- 1789 – Morais heads the word funcção and records the sense “feast”.[15]
- 1871–1874 – Vieira gives both função and funcção.[16]
Meanings
Noun
- The natural or characteristic activity of an organ, device or machine: a função do fígado.[2][18]
- A role or task to fulfil; an office, post or duty: Exerce a função de tesoureiro.[2][18][23]
- The exercise of an office; hence em funções, entrar em função.[2][18]
- Use, purpose, utility.[2][18]
- A festivity, celebration or solemn ceremony.[2][20][23]
- (Brazil) A show or performance, especially of a circus.[18][17]
- (mathematics) A function, a relation that assigns to each element of one set one element of another.[23][17]
- (grammar) The role an element plays in a sentence.[23]
- em função de: depending on, according to.[17]
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. função
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. função
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. functiō
- ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. functio
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3575
- ^ Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 59
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 976
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. fonction
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. funcionar
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. funcionário
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. funçam
- ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. funçaõ
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 642
- ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 793
- ^ a b c d Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. função
- ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. função
- ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. função
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. função
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. função
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. função
- ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. função
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Função.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/fun%C3%A7%C3%A3o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·