Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word função

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1675 More words from the 17th century
Borrowed from
Latin functio
Ultimate origin
Latin fungor
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin fungor
Latin fūnctiō
French fonction
Romanian funcție
Italian funzione
Portuguese função
Spanish función
From the same root
Latin dēfungor ← fungor
Latin perfungor ← fungor
English function ← fūnctiō
French fonctionner ← fūnctiō

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /fũˈsɐ̃w̃/, [fũˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃][1]
  • Portugal: /fũˈsɐ̃w̃/[1]

Forms

função f (plural funções)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin fūnctiō (“performance, execution”).[2][1] Nascentes considers it semi-learned.[3] The Latin noun is formed from fungor (“to perform, discharge”) with the suffix -tiō.[4][1] In Late and Medieval Latin it also meant a public service or levy, a tax.[5] In that sense the REW lists Portuguese infurção, which Viterbo explains as a rent or tribute paid to a lord.[6][7] De Vaan reconstructs the verb as *bʰu-n-g- (“to be of use”), with a nasal infix.[8]

The same Latin noun was borrowed as Spanish función, first recorded in 1657, probably as a medical term, and French fonction (recorded in 1370, borrowed again in 1566).[9][10] Houaiss derives funcionar and funcionário from French fonctionner and fonctionnaire, with the stem ⟨funcion-⟩ of the noun.[11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is a text of 1675.[2] Bluteau (1712–1728) heads the word funçam and defines it as the exercise of a post or office, and Feijó (1734) defines funçaõ the same way.[13][14]

Semantic evolution

Morais (1789) adds the vital functions of the body and a feast or festivity held in churches.[15] The 19th-century spelling funcção restored the Latin ⟨c⟩.[16][1] Vieira (1871–1874) heads the word função or funcção and lists the functions of the organs and the religious duties.[16][1] The original Caldas Aulete adds the mathematical sense, a quantity whose value depends on another, and a chemical sense.[17]

The sense “festivity” lives on: in Brazil the word means a show or performance, and in the south a session of a circus, theatre or cinema programme.[18][19] Priberam records a Brazilian sense “dance, fandango”, and dialect surveys in Portugal record “wedding” and the day of cutting up the slaughtered pig.[20][21] In the Azores it is the meal shared with friends and family at the Feast of the Holy Spirit.[1]

Timeline

  • 1675 – first record.[2]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau heads the word funçam.[13]
  • 1734 – Feijó writes funçaõ.[14]
  • 1743 – a private letter writes funsão.[22]
  • 1789 – Morais heads the word funcção and records the sense “feast”.[15]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira gives both função and funcção.[16]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The natural or characteristic activity of an organ, device or machine: a função do fígado.[2][18]
  2. A role or task to fulfil; an office, post or duty: Exerce a função de tesoureiro.[2][18][23]
  3. The exercise of an office; hence em funções, entrar em função.[2][18]
  4. Use, purpose, utility.[2][18]
  5. A festivity, celebration or solemn ceremony.[2][20][23]
  6. (Brazil) A show or performance, especially of a circus.[18][17]
  7. (mathematics) A function, a relation that assigns to each element of one set one element of another.[23][17]
  8. (grammar) The role an element plays in a sentence.[23]
  9. em função de: depending on, according to.[17]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. função
  3. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. função
  4. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. functiō
  5. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. functio
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3575
  7. ^ Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 59
  8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  9. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 976
  10. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. fonction
  11. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. funcionar
  12. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. funcionário
  13. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. funçam
  14. ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. funçaõ
  15. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 642
  16. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 793
  17. ^ a b c d Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. função
  18. ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. função
  19. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. função
  20. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. função
  21. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. função
  22. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. função
  23. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. função

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Função.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/fun%C3%A7%C3%A3o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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