Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word cinquenta
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1269 More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin cinquaginta
- Ultimate origin
- Latin quīnquāgintā
Forms
cinquenta m or f[1] Brazil wrote cinqüenta with the diaeresis until the 1990 spelling agreement took effect there in 2009.[2][3][4] Houaiss heads the word so, and Aurélio and Priberam still mark the pronunciation qüen.[2][3][4] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote çincoenta and cincoenta (1269), cinquaenta (13th century), çinquanta (14th century) and çimquoeemta (15th century).[2][5] Huber lists cimqueenta beside cinquenta.[6] Cincoenta was the usual spelling of the dictionaries from Cardoso (1569) to Figueiredo (1899).[7][8][9][10]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin cīnquāgintā (“fifty”), the dissimilated form of classical quīnquāgintā, written Old Galician-Portuguese cinquaenta and Old Galician-Portuguese cincoenta in the oldest texts.[2][5][1]
The same Latin form is Galician cincuenta, Spanish cincuenta, Catalan cinquanta, French cinquante, Italian cinquanta and Sardinian chimbanta.[11][1]
The Latin word is formed from quīnque (“five”) with the tens suffix -gintā.[12] Wiktionary traces it to *penkʷēḱomt, from earlier *pénkʷedḱomt (“five-ten”), the source also of Ancient Greek πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta).[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is from 1269, por çento et çincoenta soldos “for a hundred and fifty shillings”, an amount of money in a document.[13][2] The word has meant only the number fifty from the start.[2][5]
Semantic evolution
Beside the number, the word is used as a noun for the figure 50 and for the fiftieth item of a series.[2][14] In Paraíba, in north-eastern Brazil, a cinquenta (feminine) is a land measure of 50 braças on each side, half a São Paulo alqueire.[2][15][16] The word passed into Kabuverdianu and Papiamentu as sinkuenta.[1]
Timeline
- 1269 – çincoenta and cincoenta in a document.[2][13]
- 13th century – the form cinquaenta.[2][5]
- 14th century – the form çinquanta.[2]
- 1513 – cinquenta in the Livro dos Mártires.[17]
- 1569 – Cardoso heads the word cincoenta.[7]
- 1789 – Morais heads it cíncoenta.[18]
- 1899 – Figueiredo still heads it cincoenta.[10]
Meanings
Numeral
- fifty, forty plus ten (50, L): Esperou cinquenta minutos.[2][19][1]
- (after a noun) Fiftieth: o capítulo cinquenta.[2][3]
Noun
- The number fifty, or the figure that writes it.[2][14][1]
- The person or thing that is fiftieth in a series.[14][4]
- (feminine, Brazil, Paraíba) A land measure of 50 braças each side, half a São Paulo alqueire.[2][15]
Word family
- cinquentão
Related words
- quinquagésimo
- quinquagenário
- cinco
- Latin quīnquāgintā
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. cinqüenta
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ Huber, Joseph (1933), Altportugiesisches Elementarbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. § 350
- ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cincoenta
- ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cincoenta
- ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cincoenta
- ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 299
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6963
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. quinquaginta
- ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. çincoenta
- ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ a b Navarro, Fred (2004), Dicionário do Nordeste, São Paulo: Estação Liberdade, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. cinquenta
- ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 273
- ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2097
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Cinquenta.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/cinquenta. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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