Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word cinquenta

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1269 More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin cinquaginta
Ultimate origin
Latin quīnquāgintā

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /sĩˈkwẽ.tɐ/[1]
  • Portugal: /sĩˈkwẽ.tɐ/[1]

Forms

cinquenta m or f[1] Brazil wrote cinqüenta with the diaeresis until the 1990 spelling agreement took effect there in 2009.[2][3][4] Houaiss heads the word so, and Aurélio and Priberam still mark the pronunciation qüen.[2][3][4] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote çincoenta and cincoenta (1269), cinquaenta (13th century), çinquanta (14th century) and çimquoeemta (15th century).[2][5] Huber lists cimqueenta beside cinquenta.[6] Cincoenta was the usual spelling of the dictionaries from Cardoso (1569) to Figueiredo (1899).[7][8][9][10]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin cīnquāgintā (“fifty”), the dissimilated form of classical quīnquāgintā, written Old Galician-Portuguese cinquaenta and Old Galician-Portuguese cincoenta in the oldest texts.[2][5][1]

The same Latin form is Galician cincuenta, Spanish cincuenta, Catalan cinquanta, French cinquante, Italian cinquanta and Sardinian chimbanta.[11][1]

The Latin word is formed from quīnque (“five”) with the tens suffix -gintā.[12] Wiktionary traces it to *penkʷēḱomt, from earlier *pénkʷedḱomt (“five-ten”), the source also of Ancient Greek πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta).[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is from 1269, por çento et çincoenta soldos “for a hundred and fifty shillings”, an amount of money in a document.[13][2] The word has meant only the number fifty from the start.[2][5]

Semantic evolution

Beside the number, the word is used as a noun for the figure 50 and for the fiftieth item of a series.[2][14] In Paraíba, in north-eastern Brazil, a cinquenta (feminine) is a land measure of 50 braças on each side, half a São Paulo alqueire.[2][15][16] The word passed into Kabuverdianu and Papiamentu as sinkuenta.[1]

Timeline

  • 1269 – çincoenta and cincoenta in a document.[2][13]
  • 13th century – the form cinquaenta.[2][5]
  • 14th century – the form çinquanta.[2]
  • 1513 – cinquenta in the Livro dos Mártires.[17]
  • 1569 – Cardoso heads the word cincoenta.[7]
  • 1789 – Morais heads it cíncoenta.[18]
  • 1899 – Figueiredo still heads it cincoenta.[10]

Meanings

Numeral

  1. fifty, forty plus ten (50, L): Esperou cinquenta minutos.[2][19][1]
  2. (after a noun) Fiftieth: o capítulo cinquenta.[2][3]

Noun

  1. The number fifty, or the figure that writes it.[2][14][1]
  2. The person or thing that is fiftieth in a series.[14][4]
  3. (feminine, Brazil, Paraíba) A land measure of 50 braças each side, half a São Paulo alqueire.[2][15]

Word family

  • cinquentão

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. cinqüenta
  3. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. cinquenta
  4. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. cinquenta
  5. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. cinquenta
  6. ^ Huber, Joseph (1933), Altportugiesisches Elementarbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. § 350
  7. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cincoenta
  8. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cincoenta
  9. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. cincoenta
  10. ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 299
  11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6963
  12. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. quinquaginta
  13. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. çincoenta
  14. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. cinquenta
  15. ^ a b Navarro, Fred (2004), Dicionário do Nordeste, São Paulo: Estação Liberdade, p. s.v. cinquenta
  16. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. cinquenta
  17. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. cinquenta
  18. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 273
  19. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2097

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Cinquenta.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/cinquenta. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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