Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word amassar
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1258 the Inquirições More words from the 13th century
- Ultimate origin
- Ancient Greek μᾶζα
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
amassar (first-person singular present amasso, first-person singular preterite amassei, past participle amassado)[1] Houaiss records the 14th-century spellings amasar and amaçar.[2]
Etymology
It is formed from Portuguese a- + massa + -ar.[2][1][3][4] Machado allows that it may come straight from a Late Latin verb massare of Hispania, found in the Latin version of Oribasius.[5][2] The Spanish cognate is amasar.[6]
The base noun is from Latin massa (“lump, dough”), an early borrowing from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley cake, bread”).[7][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Machado quotes the Inquirições of 1258: Et quando amassarem dá lis el Rey sal de que salguem esse pam “and when they knead, the King gives them salt to salt that bread with”.[5] The cantigas use it of kneading bread: a woman who sabe ben moer e amassar “knows well how to grind and knead”, and, in the Cantigas de Santa Maria, E el'amassando pan / enton estava “and she was then kneading bread”.[8][9]
Semantic evolution
Barbosa in 1611 adds amassar cal “to mix lime”, and Bluteau defines the verb as mixing one thing with another until both are soft but not liquid.[10][11] Morais in 1789 records figurative senses: to dent a vessel, to stack a pack of cards, and amassar-se com alguém “to get on well with someone”.[12] Vieira adds crumpling and flattening.[13]
Modern Portuguese uses the verb above all for crushing, denting and crumpling; informal speech has “to beat up” and “to defeat in argument”, and Brazilian slang a sexual sense.[2][3][14] In the Azores it is used of a beast of burden that collapses under its load.[4]
Timeline
- 1258 – amassarem in the Inquirições.[5]
- 13th century – the cantigas use it for kneading bread.[8]
- 14th century – the spellings amasar and amaçar.[2]
- 1569 – Cardoso renders it with Latin subigo.[15]
- 1611 – Barbosa adds amassar cal.[10]
- 1789 – Morais records the figurative senses.[12]
- 1813 – first record of amassador.[7]
Meanings
Verb
- To knead; to work (flour, clay, lime) into a dough or paste.[2][3]
- To crush, flatten; to dent: O camião amassou a vedação.[2][3]
- To crumple, wrinkle (paper, cloth).[2][3]
- (informal) To beat up.[2][4]
- To mix together, jumble.[2][3]
- (figurative) To defeat utterly, especially in an argument.[3][4]
- (Brazil, vulgar) To fondle.[3][14]
- (Azores) To collapse, fall down.[4]
Word family
- amassador
- amassadura
- amassadouro
Related words
Usage notes
The saying comer o pão que o diabo amassou “to eat the bread the devil kneaded” means to go through great hardship.[16][17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ a b c d e Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ a b c Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. amassar
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. massa
- ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. amassar
- ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. amassar
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 72
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 359
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. amassar
- ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. amassar
- ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 554
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. amassar
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Amassar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/amassar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·