Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word amassar

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1258 the Inquirições More words from the 13th century
Ultimate origin
Ancient Greek μᾶζα
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō)
Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza)
Latin massa
French masse
Romanian masă
French masser
Portuguese massa
Portuguese amassar
Spanish masa
English mass
Italian massa
The word's journey
From the same root
Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) ← μάσσω
Italian massiccio ← massa
Spanish amasar ← massa
French massif ← masse
English biomass ← mass

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /a.maˈsa(ʁ)/, [a.maˈsa(h)][1]
  • São-Paulo: /a.maˈsa(ɾ)/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /a.maˈsa(ʁ)/, [a.maˈsa(χ)][1]
  • Caipira: /a.maˈsa(ɻ)/[1]

Forms

amassar (first-person singular present amasso, first-person singular preterite amassei, past participle amassado)[1] Houaiss records the 14th-century spellings amasar and amaçar.[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese a- + massa + -ar.[2][1][3][4] Machado allows that it may come straight from a Late Latin verb massare of Hispania, found in the Latin version of Oribasius.[5][2] The Spanish cognate is amasar.[6]

The base noun is from Latin massa (“lump, dough”), an early borrowing from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley cake, bread”).[7][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Machado quotes the Inquirições of 1258: Et quando amassarem dá lis el Rey sal de que salguem esse pam “and when they knead, the King gives them salt to salt that bread with”.[5] The cantigas use it of kneading bread: a woman who sabe ben moer e amassar “knows well how to grind and knead”, and, in the Cantigas de Santa Maria, E el'amassando pan / enton estava “and she was then kneading bread”.[8][9]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa in 1611 adds amassar cal “to mix lime”, and Bluteau defines the verb as mixing one thing with another until both are soft but not liquid.[10][11] Morais in 1789 records figurative senses: to dent a vessel, to stack a pack of cards, and amassar-se com alguém “to get on well with someone”.[12] Vieira adds crumpling and flattening.[13]

Modern Portuguese uses the verb above all for crushing, denting and crumpling; informal speech has “to beat up” and “to defeat in argument”, and Brazilian slang a sexual sense.[2][3][14] In the Azores it is used of a beast of burden that collapses under its load.[4]

Timeline

  • 1258 – amassarem in the Inquirições.[5]
  • 13th century – the cantigas use it for kneading bread.[8]
  • 14th century – the spellings amasar and amaçar.[2]
  • 1569 – Cardoso renders it with Latin subigo.[15]
  • 1611 – Barbosa adds amassar cal.[10]
  • 1789 – Morais records the figurative senses.[12]
  • 1813 – first record of amassador.[7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To knead; to work (flour, clay, lime) into a dough or paste.[2][3]
  2. To crush, flatten; to dent: O camião amassou a vedação.[2][3]
  3. To crumple, wrinkle (paper, cloth).[2][3]
  4. (informal) To beat up.[2][4]
  5. To mix together, jumble.[2][3]
  6. (figurative) To defeat utterly, especially in an argument.[3][4]
  7. (Brazil, vulgar) To fondle.[3][14]
  8. (Azores) To collapse, fall down.[4]

Word family

  • amassador
  • amassadura
  • amassadouro

Usage notes

The saying comer o pão que o diabo amassou “to eat the bread the devil kneaded” means to go through great hardship.[16][17]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. amassar
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. amassar
  4. ^ a b c d e Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. amassar
  5. ^ a b c Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. amassar
  6. ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. amassar
  7. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. massa
  8. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. amassar
  9. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. amassar
  10. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. amassar
  11. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. amassar
  12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 72
  13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 359
  14. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. amassar
  15. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. amassar
  16. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 554
  17. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. amassar

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Amassar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/amassar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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