Dutch words from Proto-West Germanic
284 Dutch words with Proto-West Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 2).
geloof
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gelôve, inherited from Old Dutch gilōvo (“faith”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *galaubō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *galaubô (“belief”). The EWN and the…
geven
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gêven, inherited from Old Dutch gevan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *geban, inherited from Proto-Germanic *geban-. The same verb is Old Saxon geƀan, Old High…
god
It is inherited from Middle Dutch god, inherited from Old Dutch got, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *god, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gudą (“god”). The same word is Old Saxon god, Old High…
goed
It is inherited from Middle Dutch goet, inherited from Old Dutch guot, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz (“good”). The same word is Old Saxon gōd, Old…
graag
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gradich (“hungry, greedy”), inherited from Old Dutch *grādag, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *grādag, inherited from Proto-Germanic *grēdagaz (“hungry”)…
groeten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch groeten, inherited from Old Dutch *gruoten, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *grōtijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *grōtjan-. The one Old Dutch record, gruozen…
groot
It is inherited from Middle Dutch groot, inherited from Old Dutch grōt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *graut, inherited from Proto-Germanic *grautaz. The same word is Old Saxon grōt, Old High…
haar
1. The pronoun is inherited from Middle Dutch haer (also hare, huere), inherited from Old Dutch iro (later hiro), inherited from Proto-Germanic *iz- (“of her, of them”). It was at first the genitive…
halen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch halen, inherited from Old Dutch *halon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *halōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *halōn-. The same verb is Old Saxon halōn (Middle…
hand
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hant, inherited from Old Dutch hant, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *handu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *handuz. It is a common Germanic word: Old Saxon hand…
harp
It is inherited from Middle Dutch harpe, inherited from Old Dutch harpa, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *harpā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ. The same word is Old Saxon harpa, Old High…
hart
It is inherited from Middle Dutch herte, inherited from Old Dutch herta, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hertan- (“heart”). The same word is Old Saxon…
hebben
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hebben, inherited from Old Dutch hebon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *habjaną. The double /bb/ of the infinitive comes…
heel
It is inherited from Middle Dutch heel, inherited from Old Dutch hēl, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hail, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, sound”). The same word is Old Saxon hēl…
heer
1. The lord is inherited from Middle Dutch hêre, inherited from Old Dutch hērro, borrowed from Old High German hēriro (“ruler, man of rank”), originally the comparative of the adjective hēr (“old…
heet
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hêet, inherited from Old Dutch heit, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hait, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haita- (“hot”). The same adjective is Old Saxon hēt…
helen
1. The word for healing is inherited from Middle Dutch hêlen, inherited from Old Dutch *hēlen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hailijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to make whole…
helpen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch helpen, inherited from Old Dutch helpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *helpaną (“to help”). The same word is Old Saxon…
hen
1. The bird is inherited from Middle Dutch henne (also ⟨hinne⟩), inherited from Old Dutch *henna, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hannju, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hanjō (“hen”). It was…
het
It is inherited from Middle Dutch het, inherited from Old Dutch it, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *it, inherited from Proto-Germanic *it, a pronoun found in all the Germanic languages. The same…
hier
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hier, inherited from Old Dutch hier, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r. The Wachtendonck Psalms have the longer Old Dutch…
hij
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hi, inherited from Old Dutch hē, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hiz. Old Dutch also has hie, and Middle Dutch occasionally…
hoeden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hoeden, inherited from Old Dutch huoden, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hōdijan (“to shelter, guard”). The same verb is Old Saxon hōdian, Old High German…
hoofd
It is inherited from Middle Dutch hovet, inherited from Old Dutch hōvit, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haubid, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”). Middle Dutch ⟨hovet⟩ also became…
hoop
1. The heap is inherited from Middle Dutch hoop, inherited from Old Dutch *hōp, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haup, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haupa- (“heap, pile”). Old Dutch has it first…
horen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch horen, inherited from Old Dutch hōren, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”). The same word is Old…
houden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch houden, earlier halden, inherited from Old Dutch haldan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *haldaną. Its ⟨ou⟩ developed from…
huis
It is inherited from Middle Dutch huus, inherited from Old Dutch hūs, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hūsa-. The same word is Old Saxon hūs, Old High German…
ijs
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ijs, inherited from Old Dutch *īs, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *īs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *īsan (“ice”), a neuter noun. The same word is Old Saxon…
ik
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ic, inherited from Old Dutch ik, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ik, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ek. The same word is Old Saxon ik, Old High German ih…
in
It is inherited from Middle Dutch in, inherited from Old Dutch in, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *in, inherited from Proto-Germanic *in. Old Dutch also had the adverbs inna and inne “inside”…
ja
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ja, inherited from Old Dutch *jā, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *jā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ja. The same particle is Old Saxon jā, Old High German jā…
jaar
It is inherited from Middle Dutch jaer, inherited from Old Dutch jār, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *jār, inherited from Proto-Germanic *jēra- (“year”). The same word is Old Saxon jār, Old High…
jagen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch jāghen, inherited from Old Dutch *jagon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn. The EWN reconstructs Proto-Germanic *jagōn-. The word is found only in…
je
It is the unstressed form of jij, and like it a Holland form of the pronoun that elsewhere became gij: inherited from Middle Dutch ji, beside gi, inherited from Old Dutch gī, inherited from…
jij
It is the Hollandic form of the pronoun that became gij in most of the Dutch-speaking area: inherited from Middle Dutch ji, a northern form beside gi, inherited from Old Dutch gī (“you (plural)”)…
jouw
It is inherited from Middle Dutch jouwe, inherited from Old Dutch *jūwa, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. In Middle Dutch it was a western by-form…
kam
It is inherited from Middle Dutch cam, older camp, inherited from Old Dutch *kamb, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kamb, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kamba- (“comb”). The /mb/ was assimilated…
kappen
1. The verb meaning “to chop” is inherited from Middle Dutch cappen (“to chop, cleave”), inherited from Old Dutch *kappon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kappōn (“to chop, cut off”), as…
kennen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch kennen, inherited from Old Dutch kennen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”), the causative of…
kind
It is inherited from Middle Dutch kint, inherited from Old Dutch kint, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kind, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kinþa- (“child”). The same word is Old Saxon kind and…
kleed
It is inherited from Middle Dutch cleet, inherited from Old Dutch klēth, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *klaiþ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *klaiþa- (“cloth”). The same word is Middle Low…
klein
It is inherited from Middle Dutch cleine, inherited from Old Dutch klēni, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *klainī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *klainja- (“fine, pure”). The adjective is found…
klimmen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch climmen, inherited from Old Dutch *climban, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *klimban, inherited from Proto-Germanic *klimbaną, with ⟨mb⟩ assimilated to ⟨mm⟩…
koker
It is inherited from Middle Dutch coker, inherited from Old Dutch cocare (“quiver”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kokur. The EWN reconstructs the Germanic form as *kukara-. The same word is…
komen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch comen, inherited from Old Dutch kuman, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kweman, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną. The same word is Old Saxon kuman, Old…
kool
1. The word for the cabbage is inherited from Middle Dutch côle (also col), inherited from Old Dutch *kōla, borrowed from Latin caulis (“stalk; cabbage”), probably in a Vulgar Latin form *cōlis. The…
kopen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch côpen, inherited from Old Dutch cōpon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kaupōną (“to trade, buy”). The Germanic verb was…
kot
It is inherited from Middle Dutch cot, inherited from Old Dutch *kot, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kot, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kutą (“shed”). Beside it stood Middle Dutch cote, Old…
kraken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch craken, inherited from Old Dutch *krakon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *krakōn- (“to make a cracking sound”), an…
krank
It is inherited from Middle Dutch cranc, inherited from Old Dutch *cranc, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *krank (“weak, sick”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *krankaz (“bent, crooked; weak”)…
krijgen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch crîghen, inherited from Old Dutch *crīgan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *krīgan (“to strive, struggle”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *krīganą. In Middle…
kunnen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch connen, inherited from Old Dutch kunnan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną. The same verb is Old Saxon kunnan, Old…
laden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch laden, inherited from Old Dutch *ladan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hlaþan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną. Old High German hladan (modern German…
lam
1. The word for the lamb is inherited from Middle Dutch lam, inherited from Old Dutch *lamb, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *lamb, inherited from Proto-Germanic *lambaz. Middle Dutch also had…
land
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lant, inherited from Old Dutch lant, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *land, inherited from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”), which Kroonen gives as the neuter stem…
lang
It is inherited from Middle Dutch lanc, inherited from Old Dutch lang, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *lang, inherited from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”). The same word is Old Saxon lang, Old…
laten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch laten, inherited from Old Dutch lātan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *lātan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *lētaną (“to let, allow”). The same word is Old…
leer
1. The word for leather is inherited from Middle Dutch leder, inherited from Old Dutch *lether, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *leþr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *leþrą. The modern ⟨leer⟩ grew…
leger
It is inherited from Middle Dutch legher, inherited from Old Dutch legar, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *legr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *legrą (“a lying, place to lie”), a noun built with…