Etymologically
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orde

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Pronunciation

Forms

orde f (plural ordes or orden, no diminutive)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Middle Dutch ordene, borrowed from Old French ordene and also taken directly from Latin ōrdō (“row, series; order, rank”), whose stem appears in the oblique case ōrdinem.[2][3][4][5] Franck and Van Wijk think the word probably came in by both routes at once.[5] The Latin noun first meant a row of threads in a loom and probably belongs with ōrdior (“to lay the warp; to begin”).[2] The Old French noun is ordre in its later form (modern French ordre), and French senses such as “rank”, “command” and “arrangement” went on shaping the Dutch word.[2]

Middle Dutch had ⟨ordene⟩, ⟨ordine⟩, ⟨orden⟩ and ⟨oorde⟩; the modern form arose when the final /n/ of ⟨orden⟩ was lost.[6][7][8] Early Modern Dutch used ⟨orde⟩, ⟨orden⟩ and order without any difference in meaning, until ⟨order⟩ split off with the sense “command”.[2][6] The sense “society bound by a rule”, as in a religious or knightly order, the Philippa dictionary takes directly from Medieval Latin ordo (“monastic order”) (1211), and it gives it a numbered entry of its own.[2] The same loan is Old High German ordena (modern German Orden), Middle Low German orde and Old Frisian orden.[5][9][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest record is from a Ghent text of 1236, which speaks of the custom in other ordinen, other religious orders, of beginning matins with Domine labia mea.[10] A Limburg glossary of about 1240 gives ordene for Latin ordo and in ordene for seriatim, “in a row, in turn”.[10][2]

Semantic evolution

In Middle Dutch the word meant a sequence or row (the order of the alphabet in 1287), a rank or estate, a monastic order and a rule of life.[10][7] The Cistercians were de grauwe ordene, the grey order, in a Brabant life of Saint Lutgard of 1276.[10] The Philippa dictionary dates the sense “rule, regular arrangement” in phrases such as goet regiment ende orde to 1584, and the military sense “battle array” to 1658.[2] Knightly orders appear in the early 16th century, the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1642.[2]

From the 18th century in orde meant “as it should be”, of a garden kept tidy (1714) or of a house made ready (1785), and by 1808 it was also said of a person's health.[6] The phrase aan de orde van de dag zijn translates être à l'ordre du jour.[11] Dutch carried the word to Indonesian, Papiamentu, Sranan and Negerhollands, and either Dutch or Low German gave Danish and Norwegian orden.[12][1]

Timeline

  • 1236 – Ordinen “religious orders” in a Ghent text.[10]
  • c. 1240 – Ordene glosses Latin ordo and series in Limburg.[10][2]
  • 1276 – De grauwe ordene, the Cistercian order.[10]
  • 1287 – Dordine van a b c, the order of the alphabet.[10]
  • 1350 – The form orde is recorded.[13][3]
  • 1584 – Goet regiment ende orde, good government and regularity.[2]
  • 1642 – Hooft der orde van 't Gulde vlies, head of the Order of the Golden Fleece.[2]
  • 1714 – Gardens kept in orde, in good condition.[6]

Meanings

Noun

  1. order, arrangement: the regular placing of things in a whole: ze bracht haar papieren in orde.[14][1][15]
  2. A settled, quiet state, discipline: de leraar kon geen orde houden.[14][1]
  3. The fixed sequence of business in a meeting: dat punt komt straks aan de orde.[14]
  4. An association of people bound by a rule, especially a religious or knightly order: hij trad in een strenge orde.[14][1]
  5. (biology) A rank in the classification of living things, between klasse and familie.[14][1][15]
  6. (architecture) A system of columns and the parts they carry.[14]
  7. A decoration of honour, and the society that awards it.[1][12]

Word family

  • ordentelijk
  • kloosterorde
  • onderorde
  • ordelijk
  • volgorde
  • wanorde
  • ordeloos
  • ordenen
  • rechtsorde
  • wereldorde
  • order
  • ordineren
  • French ordre

Usage notes

Order is the form for “command”, and orde for the other senses; confusing them was condemned as a gallicism in 1899.[2][6][16] Voor de goede orde is “for good order's sake”, and de gevestigde orde is the establishment.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; Sijs, Nicoline van der (2003–2009), Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands, 4 vols., Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press; online via etymologiebank.nl
  3. ^ a b Veen, P. A. F. van; Sijs, Nicoline van der (1997), Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2nd ed., Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie
  4. ^ Vries, Jan de (1971), Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek, Leiden: Brill
  5. ^ a b c Franck, Johannes; Wijk, Nicolaas van (1912), Franck's Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, 2nd ed., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff
  6. ^ a b c d e Vries, Matthias de; Winkel, L. A. te, et al. (1882–1998), Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 29 vols., 's-Gravenhage / Leiden: Nijhoff / Sijthoff / SDU; supplement 2001; gtb.ivdnt.org
  7. ^ a b c Verwijs, Eelco; Verdam, Jacob (1885–1929), Middelnederlandsch woordenboek, 11 vols., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff; gtb.ivdnt.org
  8. ^ Vries, Jan de; Tollenaere, Félicien de (2004), Etymologisch woordenboek: onze woorden, hun oorsprong en ontwikkeling, 23rd ed., Utrecht: Het Spectrum
  9. ^ Haeringen, C. B. van (1936), Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal: Supplement, 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Pijnenburg, W. J. J., et al. (2001), Vroegmiddelnederlands woordenboek: woordenboek van het Nederlands van de dertiende eeuw in hoofdzaak op basis van het Corpus-Gysseling, Leiden: Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie; gtb.ivdnt.org
  11. ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der (2005), Groot leenwoordenboek, Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale
  12. ^ a b Sijs, Nicoline van der (2010), Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd, Den Haag: Sdu; with additions from the Uitleenwoordenbank (2015)
  13. ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der (2001), Chronologisch woordenboek: de ouderdom en herkomst van onze woorden en betekenissen, Amsterdam / Antwerpen: Veen
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Van Dale Groot woordenboek hedendaags Nederlands (2014), Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Uitgevers
  15. ^ a b WikiWoordenboek (Dutch Wiktionary), nl.wiktionary.org
  16. ^ Vreese, Willem de (1899), Gallicismen in het Zuidnederlandsch, Gent: Siffer