orde Dutch · revision 37345

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1236, Middle Dutch (Ghent)|origins=la ōrdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɔr.də/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''orde''' ''f'' (plural ordes or orden, no diminutive)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|ordene]], [[bor|fro|ordene]] and also taken directly from [[la|ōrdō|t=row, series; order, rank]], whose stem appears in the oblique case [[m|la|ōrdinem]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Franck and Van Wijk think the word probably came in by both routes at once.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The Latin noun first meant a row of threads in a loom and probably belongs with [[m|la|ōrdior|t=to lay the warp; to begin]].^(EWN) The Old French noun is [[m|fro|ordre]] in its later form (modern [[fr|ordre]]), and French senses such as “rank”, “command” and “arrangement” went on shaping the Dutch word.^(EWN)

+

+ Middle Dutch had ⟨ordene⟩, ⟨ordine⟩, ⟨orden⟩ and ⟨oorde⟩; the modern form arose when the final /n/ of ⟨orden⟩ was lost.^(WNT)^(MNW)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004) Early Modern Dutch used ⟨orde⟩, ⟨orden⟩ and [[order]] without any difference in meaning, until ⟨order⟩ split off with the sense “command”.^(EWN)^(WNT) The sense “society bound by a rule”, as in a religious or knightly order, the Philippa dictionary takes directly from [[la-med|ordo|t=monastic order]] (1211), and it gives it a numbered entry of its own.^(EWN) The same loan is [[goh|ordena]] (modern [[de|Orden]]), [[gml|orde]] and [[ofs|orden]].^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is from a Ghent text of 1236, which speaks of the custom in other ''ordinen'', other religious orders, of beginning matins with ''Domine labia mea''.^(VMNW) A Limburg glossary of about 1240 gives ''ordene'' for Latin ''ordo'' and ''in ordene'' for ''seriatim'', “in a row, in turn”.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the word meant a sequence or row (the order of the alphabet in 1287), a rank or estate, a monastic order and a rule of life.^(VMNW)^(MNW) The Cistercians were ''de grauwe ordene'', the grey order, in a Brabant life of Saint Lutgard of 1276.^(VMNW) The Philippa dictionary dates the sense “rule, regular arrangement” in phrases such as ''goet regiment ende orde'' to 1584, and the military sense “battle array” to 1658.^(EWN) Knightly orders appear in the early 16th century, the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1642.^(EWN)

+

+ From the 18th century ''in orde'' meant “as it should be”, of a garden kept tidy (1714) or of a house made ready (1785), and by 1808 it was also said of a person's health.^(WNT) The phrase ''aan de orde van de dag zijn'' translates [[m|fr|être à l'ordre du jour]].^(Van der Sijs 2005) Dutch carried the word to Indonesian, Papiamentu, Sranan and Negerhollands, and either Dutch or Low German gave Danish and Norwegian ''orden''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1236 – ''Ordinen'' “religious orders” in a Ghent text.^(VMNW)

+ * c. 1240 – ''Ordene'' glosses Latin ''ordo'' and ''series'' in Limburg.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1276 – ''De grauwe ordene'', the Cistercian order.^(VMNW)

+ * 1287 – ''Dordine van a b c'', the order of the alphabet.^(VMNW)

+ * 1350 – The form ''orde'' is recorded.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+ * 1584 – ''Goet regiment ende orde'', good government and regularity.^(EWN)

+ * 1642 – ''Hooft der orde van 't Gulde vlies'', head of the Order of the Golden Fleece.^(EWN)

+ * 1714 – Gardens kept ''in orde'', in good condition.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|order]], arrangement: the regular placing of things in a whole: ''ze bracht haar papieren in orde''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # A settled, quiet state, [[m|en|discipline]]: ''de leraar kon geen orde houden''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The fixed sequence of business in a meeting: ''dat punt komt straks aan de orde''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # An [[m|en|association]] of people bound by a rule, especially a religious or knightly order: ''hij trad in een strenge orde''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(biology)'' A rank in the classification of living things, between [[klasse]] and [[familie]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(architecture)'' A system of [[zuil|alt=columns]] and the parts they carry.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # A [[m|en|decoration]] of honour, and the society that awards it.^(Wiktionary)^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ordentelijk]]

+ * [[kloosterorde]]

+ * [[onderorde]]

+ * [[ordelijk]]

+ * [[volgorde]]

+ * [[wanorde]]

+ * [[ordeloos]]

+ * [[ordenen]]

+ * [[rechtsorde]]

+ * [[wereldorde]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[order]]

+ * [[ordineren]]

+ * [[fr|ordre]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Order'' is the form for “command”, and ''orde'' for the other senses; confusing them was condemned as a gallicism in 1899.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(De Vreese 1899) ''Voor de goede orde'' is “for good order's sake”, and ''de gevestigde orde'' is the establishment.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}