Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry; narrative of what is learnt”), from Ancient Greek ἱστορέω (historéō, “to inquire, learn by research”), from Ancient Greek ἵστωρ…

It is borrowed from Etruscan hister (“actor”), extended with the suffix -iō: Livy and Valerius Maximus report ⟨hister⟩ as the Etruscan word for an actor. Wiktionary calls the further origin unknown.

It is formed from Latin honestus (“honourable”) + -ē. De Vaan derives honestus from ⟨*hones-to-⟩, from honōs (“honour”), whose further origin is unknown.

It is from Latin honestus (“honourable, respectable”) + -ō. De Vaan derives honestus from *hones-to-, built on honōs (“honour”), for which he finds no further etymology.

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin honōrō (“to honour”). That verb comes from honōs (“honour, office”), for which de Vaan knows no further etymology.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *χor(s)d-ejo- (“barley”), a stem with an adjectival suffix. De Vaan connects it with the Greek, Albanian and Germanic words for barley or grain, and perhaps with…

It has no agreed etymology. De Vaan tentatively derives it from ⟨*ǵʰr-so-⟩ “enclosed”, from the root Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to grab”) of hortus and cohors. Wiktionary mentions a link with…

It is from Latin hortor (“to urge, encourage”) + -tor. De Vaan explains hortor as a frequentative built on a participle ⟨*hortus⟩ of horior (“to urge on”), or as syncopated from the form ⟨horitāre⟩…

It is formed from Latin horior (“to urge”) + -tō, a frequentative of that verb. De Vaan thinks it is built on a participle ⟨*hortus⟩ or syncopated from ⟨horitāre⟩, which Ennius has. He derives…

It is from Latin hortus (“garden”) + -ulus, a diminutive. De Vaan traces hortus to Proto-Italic *χorto- and Proto-Indo-European *gh(o)r-to- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Oscan húrz (“enclosure”)…

It is from Latin hospes (“guest, host”), a feminine formed like antistita and sospita. De Vaan explains that noun as a compound of hostis (“stranger”) and the root of potis (“able”), from…

It is from Latin hostis (“stranger; enemy”) + -icus, formed like cīvicus. De Vaan derives hostis from Proto-Italic *χosti- and Proto-Indo-European *gʰosti- (“stranger, guest”); the further origin of…

It is formed from Latin hostis (“enemy”) + -īlis, like cīvīlis from cīvis. De Vaan traces hostis to Proto-Italic *χosti- and Proto-Indo-European *gʰosti- (“stranger, guest”), cognate with Gothic…

It is from Latin huius (“of this”) + modī, ⟨huius⟩ being the genitive of hic (“this”), and ⟨modī⟩, the genitive of modus (“measure, manner”), literally “of this manner”. De Vaan derives ⟨modus⟩ from…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑμήν (humḗn, “wedding cry; god of weddings”). Beekes treats the Greek word as distinct from its homonym meaning “membrane”; Frisk held the two to be the same word…

It is from Latin -ius (“adjective-forming suffix”), the feminine of the adjective used as a noun. Weiss compares the same type in Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “cleverness”), from σοφός (sophós…

It is from Latin iaciō (“to throw”) + -tus. De Vaan traces ⟨iaciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”) and Proto-Indo-European *(H)ieh₁- (“to throw, let go”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἵημι…

It is from Latin iaculor (“to throw, hurl”) + -tor (“agent suffix”). De Vaan lists the verb and iaculum (“throwing spear”) among the derivatives of iaciō (“to throw”), which he traces to…

It is from Latin iam (“now, already”) + dūdum (“for a long time”). De Vaan explains dūdum as a root “long (time)”, the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *duh₂- (“far, long”), with the enclitic -dum…

It is a compound, from Latin iam (“now, already”) + prīdem (“some time ago”). De Vaan derives prīdem from an adverb ⟨*pri⟩ “before” (the base of prior) with the emphatic particle ⟨-dem⟩, and iam…

It is formed from Latin īcō (“to strike”) + -tus, an action noun. De Vaan derives īcō from Proto-Italic *īke/o-, from a reduplicated present ⟨*h₂i-h₂iḱ-e/o-⟩ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to hit…

1. The suffix of adjectives of appurtenance is inherited from Proto-Italic *-ikos, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos. Fortson regards it as a longer form of the velar suffix *-ko-, and compares…

It is from Latin id (“that”), the neuter of is, with a postposed ⟨circō⟩, a form of circum (“around”), like quōcircā. The TLL compares German darum.

The OLD derives it from ⟨idem et idem⟩ “the same and the same”, as Priscian already did, from Latin īdem (“the same”) + et (“and”); the Thesaurus notes that the formation is not clear. Lewis & Short…

It is formed from Latin id + eō, ⟨id⟩ being the neuter accusative of is, and ⟨eō⟩ its ablative: “this for this”.

The origin is unknown. De Vaan notes that it could be an adjective in ⟨-neus⟩ from an adverb ⟨*idō⟩ “there” or a stem ⟨*ido-⟩, or one in ⟨-eus⟩ from ⟨*idōn⟩, but that neither leads to a likely…

The suffix is inherited from Proto-Italic *-iðos, from Proto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os, a thematized formation from *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”), originally attached to i-stems. Weiss likewise derives it…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + gnāvus (“busy, active”). De Vaan traces ⟨gnāvus⟩ to Proto-Italic *gnāwo- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-uo- (“knowing”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to…

It is from Latin īre (“to go”) + licet (“it is permitted”), literally “one may go”. The OLD also allows the imperative ⟨ī⟩ as the first part. It is formed like scīlicet and vidēlicet. De Vaan traces…

1. The suffix for deverbal adjectives is inherited from Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. It is cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. Meiser reconstructs…

It is from Latin illā (“by that way”) + -ce, the adverb illā with the particle ⟨-ce⟩; Wiktionary explains it from the ablative of illic (“that one”) with via (“way”) understood. De Vaan lists it…

It is from Latin illiciō (“to allure, entice”) + -bra. illiciō is a compound of in- and the verb that de Vaan reconstructs as Proto-Italic *lak-i- (“to draw, pull”); the simple laciō is found only…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + lepidus (“charming, elegant”). De Vaan lists it with lepidus among the derivatives of lepōs (“charm”); he tentatively reconstructs Proto-Italic *lep-i-þo- (“peeled…

1. The pronoun is formed from Latin ille (“that”) + -ce (“here, there”), with the final vowel of the particle lost, like istic and hic. Paulus' abridgement of Festus records an archaic ⟨ollic⟩. ille…

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + lūceō (“to shine”). De Vaan lists ⟨lūcēre⟩ among the derivatives of lūx (“light”), and traces the verb to Proto-Italic *l(o)ukē- (“to be light”) and…

It is from Latin in- + lūcēscō (“to begin to shine”), an inchoative verb. lūcēscō belongs with lūceō (“to shine”) and lūx (“light”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *louk- (“light”) and…

It is probably a back-formation from Latin illūstrō (“to light up”), as the OLD, the TLL and Wiktionary suggest; Lewis & Short explain it as “lighted up”. The verb is formed from in- (“in, on”) and…

It is formed from a stem *imā-, seen also in imitārī “to copy”, with the suffix -āgō. De Vaan derives both words from an Italic verb *imā-je/o- and reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-m-h₂-…

It is from Latin imber (“rain”), with the suffix -ex, so named because these tiles carried off the rainwater. De Vaan explains it from ⟨*imbri-k-s⟩; the vowel ⟨e⟩ is irregular for ⟨*-ix⟩, but the…

Its origin is uncertain; the OLD calls it doubtful and the TLL unknown. De Vaan and Wiktionary follow Weiss, who starts from the participle imbūtus, since most Old Latin forms are participles or…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + mātūrus (“ripe, timely”). De Vaan, who dates it from Plautus, derives mātūrus from a noun Proto-Italic *mātu- (“ripeness”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-tu-…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + memor (“mindful”). De Vaan treats ⟨memor⟩ with the perfect meminī (“I remember”), from Proto-Italic *me-mn-os-, a reduplicated formation of Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + memorābilis (“memorable, worth mentioning”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + merēns (“deserving”), the negative prefix with the present participle of mereō (“to earn, deserve”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that verb, which he…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + meritus (“deserved, deserving”). meritus is the participle of mereō (“to earn, deserve”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *mer-ē- (“to earn”) and, with a question…

It is from Latin in- + minuō (“to lessen”). De Vaan traces minuō to Proto-Italic *minu-je/o- (“to lessen”) and to a nasal present Proto-Indo-European *mi-n(e)-h₁- (“to make less”). Cognate with…

It is from Latin immodestus (“lacking restraint”) + -ia. The adjective is modestus (“moderate”) with the negative prefix in-, and that is formed on modus (“measure”), which de Vaan, following…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + modestus (“restrained”). De Vaan lists it and its base among the derivatives of modus (“measure”); he derives the base from the s-stem that goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + mundus (“clean, neat”). The adjective mundus may go back to Proto-Italic *mudno- and Proto-Indo-European *meud- (“to rejoice”), but de Vaan finds the change of meaning…

It is from Latin in- + mūtō (“to change”). De Vaan lists it under mūtuus, since both that adjective and mūtō presuppose a noun “(object of) change”, Proto-Italic *moito-; its further origin is…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + parātus (“prepared”). parātus is the participle of parō (“to prepare”), which de Vaan, among whose derivatives imparātus appears, explains as a denominal verb from a…

It is formed from Latin impediō (“to hinder, entangle”) + -mentum. impediō is in- with the stem of pēs (“foot”); de Vaan takes the sense of ⟨-pedīre⟩ from ⟨-pedēs⟩ “fetters” (as in compedēs), so “to…

It is formed from Latin in- (“in”) + pēs (“foot”) (stem ⟨ped-⟩) with the verb suffix ⟨-iō⟩, “to shackle the feet”, like its opposite expediō. Compare Ancient Greek ἐμποδίζω (empodízō, “to hinder”)…

It is from Latin impendō (“to pay out, spend”) + -ium. The TLL compares compendium (“saving”) and dispendium (“loss”). The verb is in- with pendō (“to weigh, pay”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is formed from Latin in- (“in, into”) + pendō (“to weigh out, pay”). De Vaan derives ⟨pendō⟩ from Proto-Italic *pende- (“to hang, weigh”), perhaps Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to spin”); the…

It is from Latin impēnsus (“costly; great”) + -ē, from the participle of impendō (“to spend”). De Vaan traces pendō (“to weigh, pay”) to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang, weigh”) and…

It is the frequentative from Latin imperō (“to command”) + -itō. De Vaan takes ⟨imperō⟩ from in- and parō (“to prepare, provide”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *parāje/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + perītus (“experienced, skilled”), the negative prefix. De Vaan relates ⟨perītus⟩, with experior (“to try”) and perīculum (“trial, danger”), to a verb ⟨*-perior⟩…

It is from Latin impetrō (“to obtain by request”) + -bilis. De Vaan takes impetrō to contain patrō (“to accomplish”), a verb made from pater (“father”).

It is formed from Latin in- (“in”) + patrō (“to accomplish”), like perpetrō. De Vaan lists patrō among the derivatives of pater (“father”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”).