satus
satus1 sprung from
Forms
satus (feminine sata, neuter satum); first/second-declension adjective[1][2]
Etymology
The adjective “sprung from” is from Latin serō1 (“to sow, plant”), its past participle.[1][3][2] De Vaan traces the participle to Proto-Italic *sato- (“sown”) and Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-to-, from the root of *seh₁- (“to sow”).[4] Cognate with Lithuanian sė́ti (“to sow”).[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
Köbler dates the adjective from Virgil,[5] whose Aeneid calls Aeneas satus Anchisā, son of Anchises.[6]
Semantic evolution
As a participle it means sown or planted,[2][6] but as an adjective it is used of descent: sprung from a parent or family, with the ablative alone or with ab or dē.[1][6] Ovid has dē Numitōre satī, sons of Numitor, and Statius uses it of a native of Pisa, since it can also mean native of a place.[1][6]
Timeline
- 70–19 BC – Virgil calls Aeneas son of Anchises with it.[6][5]
- 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the sons of Numitor.[6][5]
- c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it of a native of Pisa.[6][5]
Meanings
Adjective
satus2 sowing
Forms
satus m (genitive satūs); fourth declension[8]
Etymology
The noun “sowing” is from Latin serō1 (“to sow, plant”) + -tus, a noun of action.[1][8] De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *si-se/o- (“to sow”) and Proto-Indo-European *si-sh₁-e/o- (“to sow”).[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
It is first found in Cato's farm manual, which says that seed for sowing is to be lent to no one.[1][7]
Semantic evolution
It means the act of sowing or planting:[1][3] Cicero mentions the planting and growth of vines and a rough plant sprung from what birds carried there, not from human sowing.[1][7] Lewis and Short note that it occurs several times in Cicero and is rare elsewhere.[7] Concretely it is anything sown, a slip or seedling, in Pliny the Elder,[1] and Cicero says figuratively that philosophy prepares minds to receive seeds.[1][9]
It was also used of begetting and of descent, origin, stock:[1][7] Accius has someone of no common birth, Lucretius speaks of generative procreation, and Cicero calls Hercules born of Jupiter's begetting.[1][7]
Timeline
- 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of seed for sowing.[1][5]
- 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of birth.[1][5]
- 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of procreation.[1][5]
- 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of planting vines and of seeds received by the mind.[1][5]
- 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a palm seedling.[1][5]
Meanings
Noun
- The act of sowing or planting.[1][7]
- Anything sown, a slip, seedling;[1][9] (figuratively) seed.[1][9]
- Procreation, begetting; origin, stock, race.[1][7]
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b c d Bianchi, Rossella; Lelli, Olga (2014), VOLI: Vocabolario di latino, Florence: Le Monnier
- ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
- ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn