pampineus

Forms

pampineus (feminine pampinea, neuter pampineum); first/second-declension adjective^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin pampinus (“vine shoot”) + -eus.^[2][3][1] The origin of pampinus is unclear: the OLD tentatively compares Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”),^[2] while Pokorny connects it with a root meaning “to swell”, as in Lithuanian pampti (“to swell up”).^[1][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler dates it from Virgil,^[4] and the TLL finds it in poetry from Virgil on (Norden thought Virgil coined it).^[3] Virgil has pampineae umbrae, the shade of vine leaves.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It means of, consisting of or covered with vine shoots or foliage:^[2] Virgil has a vine-leafed autumn, spears wrapped in vine leaves and reins of vine shoots, and Ovid vines and clusters full of leaves.^[5] It is also used of the supports of vines, elms carrying the vine,^[2] and, by transfer, of the grape or of wine, as when Propertius speaks of the bitter smell of wine.^[2] In prose it occurs only here and there, in Pliny the Elder, Tacitus and later writers.^[3] British medieval Latin uses it of what resembles a vine shoot, and figuratively of what is soft or tender.^[6]

Timeline

• 70–19 BC – Virgil, of the shade of vine leaves.^[5][3][4]
• 57/46–12 BC – Propertius, of the smell of wine.^[2][4]
• 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of leafy vines.^[5][4]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Of, consisting of, or covered with vine shoots or foliage.^[2][5][1]
2. Of vine supports: carrying the vine.^[2]
3. Of the grape or of wine.^[2]

Related words

• pampinus
• pampinōsus

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press