Etymologically
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moneo

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔ.ne.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔː.ne.o][1]

Forms

moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *moneje-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *mon-eie- (“to make think of, remind”), a causative of the root of meminī “to remember” and mēns “mind”.[2][3][4] Cognate with Sanskrit मानयति (mānáyati, “honours”) and Old English manian (“to remind”).[2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus uses it.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

It was to remind or tell someone of something, as Cicero reminds Terentia about a will, and to advise, recommend or warn, as in Plautus.[3][4] It was to exhort, to punish or chastise, and of gods or omens to foretell.[1] Döderlein says that monitiō addresses the judgment, while hortātiō addresses the will.[6]

Its derivatives were monitor “adviser”, monumentum “memorial” and mōnstrum “portent”.[2] Juno's title Monēta, said to come from it, named the mint near her temple and so gave English money.[7]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of warning.[3][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero reminds Terentia of her will.[4][5]
  • mid-13th century – English money is recorded, from Old French monoie, from monēta.[7]
  • 1540s – English monitor is recorded.[7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To remind, tell (of).[3][8]
  2. To advise, warn.[3][1]
  3. To exhort, recommend.[1]
  4. To punish, chastise.[1]
  5. To foretell.[1]

Word family

  • admoneō
  • commoneō
  • ēmoneō
  • monela
  • monēta
  • monita
  • monitiō
  • monito
  • monitor
  • monitus
  • mōnstrum
  • monumentum

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  3. ^ a b c d e f Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  4. ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  7. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  8. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press