institutio

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ĩː.stɪˈtuː.ti.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [in.stiˈtut.t͡si.o]^[1]

Forms

īnstitūtiō f (genitive īnstitūtiōnis); third declension^[1]

Etymology

It is from īnstituō “to set up, establish, teach” with the suffix -tiō.^[2][1][3][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from the Rhetorica ad Herennium, of arrangement.^[2] Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates the Rhetorica 86/82 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant a method of arrangement, organization, as Cicero's īnstitūtiō rērum, and in Cicero the establishment of something, and an established practice, custom.^[2][6][7] In Gaius it meant in law the appointment of an heir.^[2] In Cicero it meant teaching, education, and the doctrine of a school.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant an institution, manner of life, religious order, arrangement, instruction, principles.^[8] Medieval Latin used it for a building, a foundation, creation and disposition.^[9] It survives in Italian istituzione and French institution, and Old French gave English institution about 1400, “the founding of a system or order”.^[1][4]

Timeline

• 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it of arrangement.^[2][5]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of education.^[2][5]
• 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of appointing an heir.^[2][5]
• c. 1400 – English institution is recorded.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. Arrangement, organization.^[2]
2. Establishment, (law) appointment of an heir.^[2]
3. A custom, practice.^[2]
4. Teaching, education; a doctrine.^[2]
5. (Ecclesiastical Latin) A religious order; an institution.^[8]

Related words

• īnstituō
• īnstitūtum
• English institution

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
8. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
9. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill