Etymologically
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imprudens

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɪmˈpruː.dẽːs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [imˈpruː.dens][1]

Forms

imprūdēns (genitive imprūdentis, adverb imprūdenter); third-declension one-termination adjective[1] It is also spelled inprūdēns.[2][3]

Etymology

It is formed from the negative in- (“not”) and prūdēns (“foreseeing, wise”).[2][4] De Vaan explains ⟨prūdēns⟩ as a regular contraction of ⟨*prōvidēns⟩, from prōvideō (“to foresee”), and derives videō (“to see”) from Proto-Italic *wid-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus is its first author,[4] who has “if I have wronged you unawares, I beg you to forgive me” in the Aulularia.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is ignorant of something, as Terence's man who bought her “not knowing these things”, unaware of what one is doing or not acting deliberately, and of acts unintentional, as Valerius Maximus' hand stained with the blood of an unintended killing.[2][3] It is also not foreseeing what will happen, as Plautus' “lest he trick me unawares from an ambush”, and lacking in judgement, foolish or incautious, as Terence's “a foolish and free young man”.[2][3]

Church Latin glosses it “foolish, imprudent”.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a wrong done unawares.[2][4]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence of ignorance and of folly.[2][4]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Ignorant (of), not knowing.[2][3][1]
  2. Unaware, not acting deliberately;[2][1] (of acts) unintentional.[2][1]
  3. Not foreseeing, off guard.[2][3]
  4. Lacking judgement, foolish, imprudent; unthinking.[2][1][6]

Word family

  • imprūdentia

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson