imprudens Latin · revision 31162

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *weyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈpruː.dẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈpruː.dens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''imprūdēns''' (genitive imprūdentis, adverb imprūdenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inprūdēns''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the negative [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|prūdēns|t=foreseeing, wise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains ⟨prūdēns⟩ as a regular contraction of ⟨*prōvidēns⟩, from [[m|la|prōvideō|t=to foresee]], and derives [[m|la|videō|t=to see]] from [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*weyd-|t=to see]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus is its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who has “if I have wronged you unawares, I beg you to forgive me” in the ''Aulularia''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is ignorant of something, as Terence's man who bought her “not knowing these things”, unaware of what one is doing or not acting deliberately, and of acts unintentional, as Valerius Maximus' hand stained with the blood of an unintended killing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also not foreseeing what will happen, as Plautus' “lest he trick me unawares from an ambush”, and lacking in judgement, foolish or incautious, as Terence's “a foolish and free young man”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “foolish, imprudent”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a wrong done unawares.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of ignorance and of folly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Ignorant (of), not knowing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unaware, not acting deliberately;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) (of acts) unintentional.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Not foreseeing, off guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Lacking judgement, foolish, [[m|en|imprudent]]; unthinking.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[imprūdentia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prūdēns]]

+ * [[prōvideō]]

+ * [[imprōvidus]]

+ * [[incautus]]

+ * [[en|imprudent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}