excaldo

Forms

excaldō (present infinitive excaldāre, perfect active excaldāvī, supine excaldātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Latin ex- + caldus (“warm, hot”) with the verb ending -ō;^[1][2] the TLL and Georges derive it from calda (“warm water”).^[3][4] Caldus is the syncopated form of calidus.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its earliest uses are in the cookery book of Apicius, of cheese and of kid or lamb lightly cooked in hot water,^[4][5] and in the Historia Augusta, of bathing in warm water.^[4][6]

Semantic evolution

Late Latin used it of washing or bathing in warm water and of scalding food;^[2][4] Marcellus Empiricus uses it of almonds,^[4] and Anthimus already writes it scald-.^[3] In medieval medical texts it means to warm or heat, and also to roast lightly.^[7]

It survives in Italian scaldare, French échauder and Spanish escaldar,^[3] and Wiktionary adds Romanian scălda “to bathe”.^[1]

Timeline

• 4th century AD – Apicius uses it of foods cooked lightly in hot water.^[4][5]
• 4th–5th century AD – The Historia Augusta uses it of bathing in warm water.^[4][6][5]
• 511 AD – Anthimus spells it with sc-.^[3][5]

Meanings

Verb

1. To wash or bathe in warm water.^[2][4]
2. To scald, to cook lightly in hot water.^[4]
3. (Medieval Latin) To warm, heat; to roast lightly.^[7]

Word family

• excaldatio

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
3. ^ a b c d Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ a b Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
7. ^ a b Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften