enascor

Forms

ēnāscor (present infinitive ēnāscī, perfect active ēnātus sum); third conjugation, deponent^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin ex- + nāscor (“to be born”).^[2][1][3] De Vaan derives the simple verb from Proto-Italic *gnāsk-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵnh1-sk-e/o- (“to be born”), and compares Paelignian cnatois (“sons”) and Sanskrit जात (jātá-, “born man, son”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL finds it first among the poets in Lucretius (96–55 BC) and in prose in Varro (116–27 BC),^[3][5] who writes of a stalk sprouting more slowly from the seed and of two teeth growing out of the chin.^[2]

Semantic evolution

It means to spring up or grow out of something, above all of plants: the TLL finds it most often in the writers on agriculture.^[3][2] L&S note that it is rare before the Augustan period and absent from Plautus, Terence and Cicero.^[6] Livy reports a laurel that grew on the stern of a warship, Columella vine shoots growing from a good part of the vine, and Tacitus brushwood sprung from the ground.^[2] Of parts of the body and parasites, Pliny the Elder has the antlers of deer growing from the skin and worms produced in a rotting viper, and Suetonius a golden hump growing behind the neck.^[2][7] Curtius and Pliny use it of islands newly risen from a river or the sea,^[2] Manilius asks whether Rome grew from huts, and in Seneca's tragedy it is used of the newly dawned day.^[2][8] The grammarian Agroecius distinguishes it from nāscor: nāscitur is said of what drops from the womb, ēnāscitur of what rises out of earth or water.^[3] In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to spring up or be born.^[9]

Timeline

• 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it, the first poet to do so.^[3][5]
• 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of sprouting stalks and of teeth.^[2][5]
• 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy uses it of a laurel growing on a ship.^[2][5]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of antlers and of a new island.^[2][5]
• 1st century AD – Curtius uses it of an island risen in a river.^[2][5]

Meanings

Verb

1. (of plants) To sprout, spring up, grow out.^[2][6]
2. (of parts of the body, parasites) To grow out, be produced.^[2]
3. (of islands) To rise up, emerge.^[2]
4. (poetic, of the day) To dawn.^[2][8]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d e Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
8. ^ a b Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
9. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson