Etymologically
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claudeo

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈkɫau̯.de.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈklaːu̯.de.o][1]

Forms

claudeō (present infinitive claudēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems[1] Also claudō, claudere, and clūdō in Lucilius; the conjugation is usually ambiguous.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin claudus (“limping, lame”) + -eō.[2][4][1] De Vaan calls the etymology of ⟨claudus⟩ uncertain; many connect it with clāvis “bar” and clāva “club”, as “one who goes with a staff”.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Caecilius and Lucilius.[2][6] Köbler dates Caecilius 230/220–168 BC and Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.[7]

Semantic evolution

Lewis & Short call it the base form of the commoner claudicō.[3] It meant to limp, be lame, as in Lucilius; of words or sounds, to sound imperfect, as in Cicero on prose rhythm; and to be imperfect, fall short, as in Cicero's Tusculans.[2][6]

Timeline

  • 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius uses it.[2][6][7]
  • c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of limping.[2][7]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of imperfection.[2][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To limp.[2]
  2. (of words, sounds) To sound imperfect.[2]
  3. To be imperfect, fall short.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b c Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de