caldaria

Forms

caldāria f (genitive caldāriae); first declension^[1] Also calidāria; medieval caudāria, chaudāria, and the neuters caldārium and caldāre.^[1][2][3][4]

Etymology

It is from Latin caldārius (“for warming”), the feminine used as a noun.^[1][5][6] That adjective is from caldus, the shortened form of calidus (“warm, hot”).^[5][3][1]

It lives on in Italian caldaia,^[7][3] French chaudière and Spanish caldera.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The adjective was used of the hot room of a bath (cella caldāria) by Pliny the Younger;^[5][3] as a noun, caldāria first appears in the lives of Alexander Severus and Elagabalus in the Historia Augusta, for the hot bath.^[3][6]

Semantic evolution

In Late Latin it is both the hot bath or hot room of a bath, as in Marcellus' medical writings,^[3][5] and a pot for boiling, as in the Vulgate and the herbal ascribed to Apuleius.^[5][3][6] Medieval Latin kept the cooking pot or cauldron and added a salt-boiling pan,^[2][8] the kettle used in the ordeal,^[8][9] and, in England, the royal kitchen.^[9] Bede tells of a goose that was to be put in the cauldron, cooked and eaten.^[9]

Timeline

• 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of a cooking pot.^[5][4]
• first third of the 8th century – Bede uses it of a cauldron.^[9][4]
• 1157 – An English pipe roll pays for a cauldron with a tripod for the king.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. (Late Latin) The hot room of a bath; a hot bath.^[3][6][1]
2. (Late Latin) A kettle, cooking pot, cauldron.^[5][10][1]
3. (Medieval Latin) A salt-boiling pan.^[2][8]
4. (Medieval Latin) The kettle used in the ordeal.^[8][9]

Related words

• calidus
• caleō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ a b c d Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
7. ^ Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
8. ^ a b c d Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
9. ^ a b c d e f Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
10. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson