chaudière

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ʃo.djɛʁ/^[1]
• IPA (Quebec): /ʃo.d͡zjaɛ̯ʁ/^[1]

Forms

chaudière f (plural chaudières)^[1] Jaldiere (before 1105), caldere (early 12th century), Picard caudiere^[2][3][4]; chaudiere from about 1230.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old French chaudiere, inherited from Late Latin caldāria (“cauldron”),^{[2][3][5][1][6]} the plural, taken as a feminine singular, of calidārium (“hot bath; cauldron”), from calidārius (“heated”), from calidus, caldus (“hot”), the source of chaud.^[3][7] The spelling “chaudiere” (about 1230) may have been remade after “chaud”.^[3]

Cognate with Italian caldaia, Occitan caudiera, Spanish caldera and Portuguese caldeira.^[5][4] Southern French dialects instead say “pairolo”, from Gaulish.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Jaldiere is in the glosses of Rashi (before 1105), and in the Oxford Psalter (early 12th century) caldere translates the basin of Psalm 108: Moab est caldere de la meie esperance.^[2][4]

Semantic evolution

For centuries a chaudière was a large metal vessel for heating, boiling or cooking (about 1120, the Voyage de saint Brendan), used by dyers, refiners and cooks.^[2][3][4] In sailors' language faire chaudière was to feast (1690).^[2][4]

With the steam engine the word came to mean a boiler that turns water into steam (1831, of a locomotive^[8][2][3][9]; chaudière à vapeur 1835), now also the boiler of central heating.^[8][2][3][9] The old sense lives on in Canada, where a chaudière is a bucket (from 1820).^[3][9][1] The smaller domestic vessel is the chaudron (about 1150).^[3]

Timeline

• before 1105 – Jaldiere in Rashi's glosses.^[2][7]
• early 12th century – Caldere “basin” (Oxford Psalter).^[2]
• c. 1120 – A large metal vessel for boiling.^[2][3]
• c. 1230 – The spelling chaudiere.^[2][3]
• 1690 – Faire chaudière “to feast” (Furetière).^[2]
• 1820 – A bucket, in Canada.^[9]
• 1831 – The boiler of a steam engine.^[8][3]
• 1835 – Chaudière à vapeur (Académie).^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A boiler, an apparatus that heats water or turns it into steam: chaudière de chauffage central.^[9][1]
2. (dated) A large metal vessel for heating or boiling; a cauldron.^[9][1]
3. (Quebec) A bucket, pail.^[9][1]

Word family

• chaudron

Related words

• chaud
• English cauldron

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d e f Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
5. ^ a b c Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
6. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 2, 75b
7. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ a b c Quemada, Bernard, ed. (1959–2006), Datations et documents lexicographiques (Base historique du vocabulaire français, BHVF), Paris: Klincksieck / CNRS / Champion; ATILF
9. ^ a b c d e f g Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert